متوازن شخصیت: تعلیم و تربیت کا نبوی اصول

A child born with a soul of being, but has lack of personality. Actually personality comes with the effect of good education, guidance, squatter and environment in which a child lives. But literally due to the teachings of Hinduism or Buddhism or Christianity a human existence proves oneself with a personality. Even western civilization has an ideal concept of personality, but human personality has its very strong roots in Islamic teachings as Holy Qur’ān gives us a first-hand description about an “Ideal Personality”. According to the “Sunnah” of Prophet Muhammad (r) man has some qualities of “moderation” which can be the dominant in excess of his existence. So, man should establish equilibrium regards his personality. But there is need to create stability in education, society and politics on the basis of “moderation”. Islam lays a great emphasis on character building. Balanced personality is based on all the best qualities of head and heart. Our Holly Prophet’s (r) personality is an excellent example of balanced personality. In Islamic perspective just to accept the characteristics and Sunnah of Muhammad (r) can be equal to the modern word of personality. But have we absorbed the ultimate concept of personality? Which personality can we call an ideal personality? These two questions are very significant to wonder about on the concept of ideal personality. Every religion and civilization has its own true meaning of ideal personality, but besides all this according to Quran the ideal personality is concealed in a word “Sunnah”. The article highlights on basic characteristics of ideal personality in the light of teachings of Holly Prophet (r). Balanced and Moderate personality is the basic principle of Prophets Teachings

Abusive Supervision and Counter-Productive Work Behavior: A Moral Licensing Perspective

This study has aimed to examine the impact of several facets of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) on retaliation process of subordinates abused by their supervisors as an individual and as a group. The social exchange theory claims that abused subordinates retaliate against the abusive supervisor and non-abused employees through manifestations of counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) but the process is quite complicated due to the power gap between a supervisor and subordinates. Therefore, the present study has integrated the attraction-selection-attrition, the moral licensing and the social exchange theory in order to unearth this process. It has proposed that subordinates use citizenship behaviors to combat adverse abusive situation; citizenship behaviors developed among abused subordinates provide them with greater strength and support in the process of retaliation. Moreover, the study has posited that good citizens of the organization have a greater tendency to react if abused by their supervisors. The study has tested the direct effects of abusive supervision on related CWBs ― CWBs towards supervisor and non-abused employees, and the mediating effect of OCBs developed among the abused peer group. In addition, this study has also tested moderating effect of OCBs-organization in the process of retaliation against supervisory abuse, at the direct and second stage. Data have been collected from financial and higher education institutes from five main cities of Pakistan. 920 usable responses have been analyzed. Hierarchal Regression, Process Macro, and Edward & Lambert‘s methods have been applied for hypotheses testing. All direct relations, mediation effect, and second stage moderation have been proved to be significant. However, the moderating effect of OCBs-organization at direct stage has been proved to be non-significant. Conclusively, findings have supported the claims of mediating and moderating effects of OCBs in retaliation process of an abused employee.