چودھری محمد علی صاحب ردولوی
افسوس ہے کہ ہماری قدیم تہذیب کی یادگاریں ایک ایک کر کے اٹھتی جاتی ہیں اور پرانی محفل اجڑتی جاتی ہے، ان ہی یادگاروں میں ایک چودھری محمد علی صاحب مرحوم ردولوی بھی تھے، وہ امراؤ شرفائے اودھ کی تہذیب کا نمونہ تھے، ان کی شخصیت بڑی دلکش و دلپزیر تھی، بڑے خوش مذاق، زندہ دل، بذلہ سنج حاضر جواب اور علم مجلسی کے بڑے ماہر تھے، ان کی ہر چیز میں خوبی و لطافت اور زبان وقلم دونوں میں بڑے دلکشی تھی، تحریر میں صاحب طرز ادیب اور خوش گفتاری میں ہزار داستان تھے، جس محفل میں بیٹھتے تھے اپنی خوش بیانی سے چھاجاتے تھے، ان کی تحریر میں سادگی کے ساتھ بڑی تازگی اور بے ساختگی تھی، اس طرز میں وہ منفرد تھے، اہل زبان حضرات میں بھی اس طرز میں لکھنے والا کوئی نہ تھا، مگر ان کی تحریر اور گفتگو دونوں میں اودھ کا پرانا بے فکری کا تفریحی مذاق غالب تھا اس لیے تحریر کا دائرہ ادب و افسانے تک محدود تھا، اور اسی میں ان کا طرز تحریر کھلتا بھی تھا سنجیدہ علمی و ادبی مباحث سے ان کو زیادہ دلچسپی نہ تھی، اگر کبھی بھولے سے اس کوچہ میں نکل آتے تھے تو اس میں بھی تفریحی رنگ پیدا ہوجاتا تھا، یہی حال ان کی گفتگو کا تھا، ان کی سنجیدہ گفتگو بھی لطائف و ظرائف سے خالی نہ ہوتی تھی۔
ان کی عمر اسی (۸۰) کے قریب تھی مگر ان کی طبیعت سدا بہار تھی، اسلئے اس زمانہ میں بھی نہ وہ کسی سوسائٹی کے لیے اجنبی ہوئے تھے اور نہ کوئی سوسائٹی ان کے لیے اجنبی تھی، ہر عمر ہر مذاق اور ہر طبقہ کے لوگوں سے ان کے یکساں تعلقات تھے، اور جس مجمع میں بیٹھتے اس میں گھل مل کر...
This research states that in Islamic law adopting a child is a good act, which helps adopted children get a proper education. The right to a proper education for adopted children is one of the main goals of adoption, this welfare is one of the rights that must be provided by adoptive parents. In general, implementing the above rights of children is an obligation and joint responsibility of the government and society. The phenomenon that occurs in Indonesia is that the educational rights of adopted children have shifted to utilization, due to several factors, one of which is economic. The aim of this research is to strengthen previous research, and examine further the shift in the educational rights of adopted children and look at the factors that result in non-fulfillment of adopted children's rights in Indonesia. This research uses an approachsociological normative with the nature of the researchanalytical descriptive. The results of this research found several factors that resulted in a shift, even not being given the rights of adopted children, such as: f In fact, in Islam, adopting a child is a good act but over time it becomes exploitative.
The current work was executed in Upper Tanawal which is situated in the mid of Western fragment of lesser Himalaya. The study area is situated between 34°.34.40´ N to 34°.48.88´ N latitude and 72°.84.27´ E to 73°.10.50´ E longitude. Upper Tanawal is rich in biodiversity. (Farooq et al., 2017). This Area of Himalaya has been unexplored for botanical researches due to its remoteness as well as poor law and order conditions. Upper Tanawal also called feudal Tanawal is a territory found in the mid of western part of Hazara division. On its west lies Bhadanak tract of District Haripur; on its west lies River Indus, on North found Tor Ghar (Black Mountain) and Agror Valley and on its East, it is bounded by areas of Pakhal valley and parts of District Abbottabad. (Watson,1907) In British India, upper Tanawal consisted of two states i.e. Amb and Phulra. Amb being the major state constituted about 85 % of the area while Phulra had 15 % of the total land. At present upper Tanawal consists of ten union councils of tehsils Mansehra and Oghi of district Mansehra. (Watson 1907, Farooq, et al., 2017) During this study the area was extensively visited and appraised during January 2014- December 2016 for phytosociological data collection using quadrate method. Using species-area curve technique size of the quadrate was determined. Size of quadrate was 100 m2, 10 m2 and 1 m2 for trees, shrubs and herbs respectively. Plants were collected, preserved, identified and submitted with herbarium Hazara University Mansehra. Results reflect that Upper Tanawal hosts 308 plant species of tracheophytes belonging to 243 genera placed in 92 tree families. Asteraceae and Leguminosae were found to be the dominant families represented by 26 species each. Rosaceae was represented by 21 species, Poaceae by 19, Lamiaceae by 15, Brassicaceae by 8, Euphorbiaceae, Pteridaceae, and Moraceae with seven species each. On the basis of habit plants of the study area were divided into three classes i.e. Herbs, shrubs and trees. The vegetation was dominated by herbs as 202(66%) species showed herbaceous habit. Trees habit was shown by 59(19 %) species. As far as shrubs are concerned 47(15%) species fell in this catagory. According to the Raunkiaer’s life form classification therophyte was dominant life form class represented by 135 species. Megaphanerophytes were represented by 58 species, Hemicryptophytes were represented by 49 species, nanophanerophytes contributed by 45while geophytes by 21 species. According to leaf size spectrum classification Microphylls were represented by 158 species, followed by mesophylls represented by 116 plant species. Nanophylls, megaphylls and Leptophylls were represented by 22, 10 and 16 species respectively. For detailed ordination of phytosociological data PAST-3 software was used and CCA and DCA plots were drawn. These ordination techniques showed arrangement of data along environmental gradients. DCA and CCA analyses established that altitude, temperature, aspect and soil pH are the strongest environmental drivers responsible for plant species clustering and association formation. In CCA tri-plot species and samples aggregation established interaction among species, samples and environmental variables. For classification of samples to plant communities, PC-ORD software used and by TWINSPAN method 32 plant communities were formed. These plant communities were falling in two vegetational zones of Pakistan i.e. subtropical zone and moist temperate zone.