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Vision based vehicle and driver drowsiness detection for driver assistance system

Thesis Info

Author

Waqas Ahmed

Supervisor

Ayyaz Hussain

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

62

Language

English

Other

MS 004 WAV

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722191327

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استاد کی عظمت

استاد کی عظمت
اللہ تعالیٰ نے اس کائنات کو تخلیق فرمایا پھر اس کی تزئین و آرائش کے لیے اس میں پہاڑوں ، گلستانوں، میدانوں ، سمندروں ، ندیوں اور نالوں کو وجود بخشا، آبشاروں کی کھڑکھڑاہٹ پیدا فرمائی ، فضاؤں کی سرسراہٹ سے اس کے حسن میں چار چاند لگائے۔
اللہ تعالیٰ نے بنی نوع انسان کی اصلاح کے لیے مختلف اوقات میں مختلف زبانوں میں مختلف قوموں میں مختلف انبیاء کرام کو مبعوث فرمایا یہ سلسلہ چلتا رہا یہاں تک کہ نبی آخر النبین حضرت محمد صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم تشریف لائے اور پھر نبوت کا دروازہ بند کر دیا گیا اور کام علماء کرام کے سپرد ہوا اور علماء کرام میں اساتذہ جو مدرس ہونے کے ناطے عظیم منصب پر فائز ہوتے ہیں انھوں نے اس فریضہ کو بڑے احسن طریقے سے سرانجام دینا شروع کر دیا اور عوام النّاس کی اصلاح کے لیے مستعد رہے۔
شیخِ مکتب ہے اک عمارت گر
جس کی صنعت ہے روحِ انسانی
اگر بنظر غائر مشاہد ہ کیا جائے تو استاد کی حیثیت، اہمیت اور مقام مسلم ہے، کیونکہ استاد ہی نونہالانِ قوم کی تعلیم و تربیت کا ضامن ہوتا ہے، استاد ہی قوم کے نوجوانوں کو علوم وفنون سے آراستہ و پیراستہ کرتا اور اس قابل بناتا ہے کہ وہ ملک وقوم کی گرانبار ذمہ داریوں سے عہدہ برآ ہوسکیں۔ استاد جہاں نوجوانوں کی اخلاقی و روحانی تربیت کرتا ہے وہاں وہ اُن کی مختلف علمی ،سائنسی، فنی ، اور پیشہ ورانہ مہارتوں کا سامان بھی کرتا ہے، والدین بچے کی جسمانی پرورش کرتے ہیں، جبکہ استاد کے ذمے بچے کی روحانی تربیت ہوتی ہے، اس لحاظ سے استاد کی حیثیت اور اہمیت والدین سے کسی طرح کم نہیں بلکہ ایک لحاظ سے ان سے بڑھ کر ہے، کیونکہ روح کو جسم پر فوقیت حاصل...

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Imran Iqbal's name is prominent in Urdu fiction. He is from Bahawalpur but he is residing in the United States for employment. Imran Iqbal tried his hand at travelogues, fiction, novels and memoirs. He has made women and her issues the subject of his fictions. Imran Iqbal has presented a true picture of a woman who at every step faces various forms of male repressive behavior, outdated customs, husband and father-in-law atrocities, domestic violence and sexual harassment. Her fiction depicts women's psychological problems, the sexual appetites of landlords, capitalists, bureaucrats and top officials. Imran Iqbal has awakened Tanila consciousness through his pen.

Sensor Less Sensor-L Ess Control of a Permanent Perm Anent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using U Sing Svpwm-Based Svpwm Based Four Four-Switch Switch Three- -Phase Phase Inverter I Nverter

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are replacing induction motors because of their better performance in industrial applications. Due to the availability of fast DSP processors now-a-days complex control algorithms can be implemented efficiently. In conventional-drive circuits the six-switch inverter ruled for a long time because of the ease of its control; however, a four-switch inverter provides the cost effective efficient replacement. The dynamic model of a machine provides an insight into the dynamics of its operation and control. A PMSM has been modeled in Matlab Simulink in different frames of references and the model has been validated under different operating conditions. The space-vector algorithm of a six- switch three-phase inverter has been modified for the control of a four-switch three-phase inverter (FSTPI) by establishing the symmetry between the voltage space-vector planes of both inverters. A FSTPI exhibits the current-unbalancing problem because of the unbalanced voltage distribution across the capacitor. The current-unbalancing issue has been resolved by introducing a ‘duty waveform drift’ method. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used to optimize the performance of a four-switch inverter. The detailed modeling of the space-vector technique for both the conventional and four-switch inverters has been presented. A PWM rectifier has been implemented using sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector pulse modulation to ensure that the drive maintains unity input power factor. A modified optimized space-vector algorithm, used for the inverter operation, has been introduced in the control of PWM rectifiers to ensure the best computational performance. There exist a number of control techniques for a PMSM: direct-torque control (DTC) and field- oriented control (FOC) have been investigated in detail for the proposed four-switch inverter. The flux, torque, speed and current controller designs for both the DTC and FOC are presented in detail and have been implemented on Texas Instruments’ digital signal processors using Matlab Simulink’ code generation facility. Because of the ANN based modules the designed digital system presents precise and accurate speed, current, flux and torque tracking with four- switch space-vector modulator up to 30-kHz sampling frequency. The ANN has reduced the implementation'' complexity of the speed and position estimator. The initial rotor-position detection has also been incorporated while collecting the data for the training of ANNs. The results have been presented for evaluating the performance of a controller with the proposed four-switch inverter and ANN based estimators.