Novel Bioactive Compound Production by Microbial Biota: Potential Antimicrobials Potential antimicrobials produced by microbial biota

Man is always trying to make his life easier and accomplished. He has faced mass destruction in history due to epidemics like small pox, malaria and plague. In order to combat diseases, exploration of man led him to search for causative agents and their control. A time reached when it was found that microbes are themselves a source of potent metabolites which have proved to be effective as drugs and medicines showing great antibiotic activity. It is necessary to find out new sources for potential new antimicrobial compounds. Several hundred important compounds have been isolated which have antibiotic activities and diverse chemical nature. But these compounds should have minimum toxicity to be useful clinically. Because of the increasing resistance of pathogens, there was a never ending desire and need to search for more. Bioactive Compounds have been extracted from microbes which are produced as secondary metabolites. Day by day, new compounds are being discovered giving a hope of golden future of drug industry. The current article emphasizes the importance and need to search for new bioactive compoundsto overcome infections caused by multiple drug resistant (MDR) and biofilm forming pathogens irrespective of the previously present knowledge. 

On Ramsey Numbers of Path Versus Wheel-Like Graphs

The study of classical Ramsey numbers R(m, n) shows little progress in the last two decades. Only nine classical Ramsey numbers are known. This difficulty of finding the classical Ramsey numbers has inspired many people to study generalizations of classical Ramsey number. One of them is to determine Ramsey number R(G, H) for general graphs G and H (not necessarily complete). One of the most general results on graph Ramsey numbers is the establish- ment of a general lower bound by Chv ́atal and Harary [17] which is formulated as: R(G, H) ≥ (χ(H) − 1)(c(G) − 1) + 1, where G is a graph having no isolated vertices, χ(H) is the chromatic number of H and c(G) denotes the cardinality of large con- nected component of G. Recently, Surahmat and Tomescu [41] studied the Ramsey number of a combina- tion of path P n versus Jahangir graph J 2,m . They proved that R(P n , J 2,m ) = n+m−1 for m ≥ 3 and n ≥ (4m − 1)(m − 1) + 1. Furthermore, they determined that R(P 4 , J 2,2 ) = 6 and R(P n , J 2,2 ) = n + 1 for n ≥ 5. This dissertation studies the determination of Ramsey number for a combination of path P n and a wheel-like graph. What we mean by wheel-like graph, is a graph obtained from a wheel by a graph operation such as deletion or subdivision of the spoke edges. The classes of wheel-like graphs which we consider are Jahangir graph, generalized Jahangir graph and beaded wheel. First of all we evaluate the Ramsey number for path P n with respect to Jahangir graph J 2,m . We improve the result of Surahmat and Tomescu for m = 3, 4, 5 with n ≥ 2m + 1. Also, we determine the Ramsey number for disjoint union of k identical copies of path P n versus Jahangir graph J 2,m for m ≥ 2. Moreover, we determine the Ramsey number of path P n versus generalized Ja- hangir graph J s,m for different values of s, m and n. We also, evaluate the Ramsey number for combination of disjoint union of t identical copies of path versus general- ized Jahangir graph J s,m for even s ≥ 2 and m ≥ 3. At the end, we find the Ramsey number of path versus beaded wheel BW 2,m , i.e. R(P n , BW 2,m ) = 2n − 1 or 2n if m ≥ 3 is even or odd, respectively, provided n ≥ 2m 2 − 5m + 4.