مشاكل اللغة العربية في نيجيريا

The Arabic language faces many hurdles in its expansion and progress in the non-Arab world internationally. This time our focus is the multi-lingual community Nigeria. Nigeria is a country of languages, where there are hordes of mother tongues (dialects) , an official language and then there is a religious language as well. It is very tough to focus on the Arabic language in this myriad of languages though; it enjoys a historic status and prestige there. A few reasons for this lack of focus on Arabic language Nigeria are as follow: 1. The British colonialism and its treacherous role to downplay the Arabic language. 2. To segregate Arabic from Muslim Ummah in Nigeria, the colonialists thus promoted English and French as official administrative languages. 3. Dearth of text books in Arabic at primary and secondary level. Moreover there are no well equipped language laboratories to develop Arabic in Nigeria. 4. The stranded economic state of the country. 5. The scarcity of Arabic press houses in Nigeria and lack of interest in the Arabic language by the general public. A few suggestions to promulgate and develop the Arabic language in Nigeria are as follow: a. Students’ attention needs to be drawn towards the Arabic language as a modern and rich language. For this all the available resources need to be exhausted. b. The Arabic language centres should be developed where proficient teachers should teach Arabic. The present faculty for Arabic should do refresher courses in Arabic to enhance their capabilities. c. The availability of Arabic text books to cater the various levels of the students is made possible. A committee should monitor the overall process and progress of Arabic language in Nigeria. d. The Nigerian government should play an active role in the development and progress of the Arabic language in Nigeria

Impact of Training on Commitment, Retention and Performance

The purpose of the study is how employee training effectively induces organizational commitment, retention and performance enhancement and also the relationship between training and development, organization commitment, retention and performance. The research objectives are envisaged in the study: the influence of training on the organizational commitment towards the employee performance, on the employee retention towards the employee performance and lastly but predominantly the influence of training on the organizational commitment and employee retention towards the employee performance. The study was carried out in two parts i.e. Pilot study and main study. The pilot study was conducted to evaluate the properties of the instruments provided a considerably good evidence for their appropriateness in the local context. The main study was carried on convenience basis selected sample of 400 (317 males & 83 females) employees belonging to service sector at Rawalpindi – Islamabad. The data was collected from 400 employees belongs to the service sector at Rawalpindi and Islamabad city through self administered questionnaire. Regression analysis, correlation analysis and analysis of variance are employed to analyze the data through SPSS. The analysis revealed that the worth of training on commitment, performance and retention. The regression analysis confirmed our expectations (hypothesis) that perception of training regarding adequacy, satisfaction and a mode for career advancement has direct and significant effect on organizational commitment, work performance and retention. The estimation revealed that training has a positive and significant influence on commitment, compensation, work life policies, career development, task and contextual performance. However, it showed insignificant relationship with intent to leave the organization. The present study recommends and extends the previous work on training commitment, retention and performance. As it examines and highlights the significant relationship between them, it proves that these four aspects complement and harmonize each other. It advocates a theoretical model which incorporates and integrates the above mentioned aspects of the study. It examines the favorable affect of training on commitment, retention and performance to have synergetic effect on the organization in the long –run in achieving the organizational productivity outcomes. Keywords: Employee training, organizational commitment, retention, performance, service sector, effectively.