مولانا حیدر زمان صدیقی
اسی مہینہ میں پاکستان کے ایک خط سے یہ افسوس ناک اطلاع ملی کہ جنوری کے آخری عشرہ میں مولانا حیدر زمان صدیقی نے وفات پائی، مرحوم سے صرف علمی مراسلت رہتی تھی، اس لئے ان کے ذاتی حالات کم معلوم ہیں، ایک زمانہ میں اُن کا قیام پٹھان کوٹ میں تھا، مگر ہندوستان کی تقسیم کے بعد سے ہری پور ضلع ہزارہ میں منتقل ہوگئے تھے، مرحوم بڑی صلاحیتوں کے مالک تھے، اور اپنی علمی وتصنیفی زندگی کے ابتدائی ہی دور میں ایک خاص حلقہ میں اچھی خاصی شہرت حاصل کرلی تھی، اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں جدید دور کے سیاسی و معاشی مشکلات کا حل اُن کا خاص موضوع تھا، اس موضوع پر وہ معارف اور دوسرے رسالوں میں برابر مضامین لکھتے رہتے تھے، اور اسلامی مسائل کے جدید مفسرین کے برخلاف ان کا قلم بڑی حد تک محتاط واقع ہوا تھا، متفرق مضامین کے علاوہ مستقل تصانیف میں غالباً صرف ایک کتاب اسلام کا نظریہ سیاست اس کی قلمی یادگار ہے، مرحوم کی ذات سے بڑی توقعات وابستہ تھیں، لیکن افسوس موت نے ان کو پوری ہونے کا موقع نہیں دیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس خادم دین کو اپنی مغفرت سے نوازے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، فروری ۱۹۵۲ء)
Since the Arab spring, youth have been politically active in Asia through various modes. Regime revolution or failed takeover on 15 July 2016, in Turkey is its vibrant example. However, it’s unfortunate that the political perception, intention or attitude of youth towards democracy have not been included in the process of policy making. As a result, youth activism in politics remained unrecognized. Therefore, present work is an effort to explore democratic attitude of youth in Pakistan. The state of Pakistan has been selected because 64 % of her population comprises youth. Current study examines democratic attitude through four major independent variables: economic growth, democratic values, public participation and political stability. Data was collected from the respondents who were in between 18-35 years of age by distributing a survey questionnaire which was adopted from the literature. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 24.0. Result of the study suggests that all the developed hypotheses were accepted. Additionally, study finds that despite massive corruption, social injustice, favoritism, nepotism, political instability, economic crisis and many other problems, Pakistani youth overwhelmingly considers democracy, as the potential form of government and dislike any alternative of it. Current study may be the first stone in the stagnant water not only in measuring democratic attitude of young generation but it will also help them to understand what sort of democracy is needed in Pakistan.
This thesis covers two topics of latest research in the field of nanotechnology. One topic covers the development of nanomaterials for spintronic devices and the other one is about degradation of organic dye using various semiconductor photocatalysts. The aim of this thesis is to investigate and explore the physics behind TM on different applications in the field of spintronics and photocatalysis. The role of rare earth, Gadolinium (Gd) concentration on magnetization behavior is studied at length in rare earth doped transition-metal (RE:TM) thin films. RE:TM alloys of composition GdxCo100-x, GdxFe100-x and Gdx(Co50Fe50)100-x (30 nm each) deposited on silicon substrates were prepared by magnetron sputtering, where x ranged from 4 to 13 atomic%. The magnetization, uniaxial anisotropy, coercivity and Kerr rotation were investigated as a function of composition. It was found that ferrimagnetism in Gd doped transition metals alloys is considerably influenced by varying concentration of Gd content. At the same time, the magnetic easy axis remains in the film plane whereas the coercivity is strongly reduced after Gd substitution in case of GdxFe100-x and Gdx(Co50Fe50)100-x thin films. Results reveal that RE:TM thin films with dilute Gd doping of up to 8% are promising building block in soft magnetic devices for spin-transfer-torque applications, where an enhanced damping is required. Second topic presents a comprehensive study on degradation of organic dye using metal sulfide nanoparticles. In this research, a series of metal sulfide nanoparticles, such as zinc sulfide (ZnS), cadmium sulfide (CdS) and transition metal ions (Ni, Co, Fe) doped ZnS and CdS nanoparticles were developed through facile co-precipitation method using 2-mercaptoethanol as a surfactant for evaluation of their catalytic and photocatalytic activity potential. The synthesized nano powders were characterized using various analytical chemistry as well as image visualizing techniques like, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission spectroscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy to elucidate the changes in structure and shape of nanomaterials. Photocatalytic activity experiments show that doped nanoparticles bleach out methylene blue effectively than undoped samples. This research also highlights effect of prepared nanoparticles in degradation of methylene blue by catalytic agent NaBH4. The research at its present stage of development appears to offer the best avenue to remove hazardous pollutants from water. Without additional chemicals and energy input, this technique can be employed in large-scale water treatment technology, which will have a significant impact on the water purification industry.