مشہور روایت

Hadith is one of the major sources of shariah and Islamic Law. The field of Hadith has been researched since the middle of Umayyad dynasty and many have contributed a lot. However, unlike the Qur’an which has been intensively researched due to the serious observation from the Orientalists, the field of Hadith still needs many decades to clarify the myths and arrive at the reality. The Muslims in general and our society in particular is emotionally attached to Islam but lacks an indepth knowledge. The progress of new means of communication has increased the importance of serious study on the one hand and its proper preaching on the other hand through modern means of communication. Slackness in this regard can lead to serious misconception about Islamic sources of knowledge i.e. Quran’an and Hadith. There are many sayings attributed either to the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) or Allah (Jalla Jalaluhu) but in actuality they are either sayings of a saint or proverb. Some is the case of the subject cited above which is believed to be a Hadith Qudsi, popular not only among the people of far flung rural areas but also those youth who have easy access to modern means of communication especially internet. The text of the attributed Hadith Qudsi is spread on the social media and many people quote it without any investigation. The present paper is an attempt to clarify the myths about a perceived Hadith; and a probe to analyze and evaluate the authenticity of the text in the light of the principles laid down by the scholars for the study of Hadith.

Steady Flow of Fluids With Variable Viscosity

Nanofluids have wide range applications in processes involving heat transfer due to their proficient thermal conductivity. Such fluids exhibit substantial viscosity variation with temperature. This dissertation presents oblique stagnation point flow of variable viscosity nanofluid over a stretching surface. Porous medium, magnetic field, heat generation, thermal radiation and homogeneous-heterogeneous effects along with partial slip, thermal slip and convective surface are considered. Micro-rotation phenomenon is also fused with nanofluid flow comprising micropolar nanofluid. Nanofluid thermal conductivity is estimated by Maxwell-Garnett model, Hamilton Crosser thermal conductivity model is also employed when shape effects of nanoparticles are considered. Flow problems are first modeled and afterwards converted to non-linear system of ODEs via appropriate similarity transformations. Numerical solutions are obtained via stable and efficient Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg scheme with shooting quadrature and Keller-Box scheme. The impact of key emerging dimensionless parameters on non-dimensional normal, tangential velocity constituents, temperature, shear stress (at wall), heat flux along with streamlines distribution is visualized by graphs.