المبحث الرابع: تعليمها
یقول الشاعر ’’نزار‘‘ عن شقیقتہ إنھا نشأت وسط عائلۃ أدبیۃ وراثیاً أباً عن جد، فقد کان والد الشاعرۃ صادق الملائکۃ شاعراً مشھوراً وکاتباً، وألف وحدہ ’’دائرۃ معارف الناس‘‘ وذلک سیر وشخصیات الأعلام المشھورین الراحلین من العرب۔ تتکون من 36 مجلداً، وھي ربما محفوظۃ إلی الآن لدی ھيئة حکومیۃ في بغداد، وإلی الآن لم تطبع، وکانت والدتہا شاعرۃ أیضاً ولھا دیوان ’’أنشودۃ المجد‘‘ وکانت مشھورۃ بإسم ’’ أم نزار الملائکۃ‘‘ ولکن اسمھا الحقیقي ھو سلمی عبدالرازق الملائکۃ۔
یتضح من ذلک ثقافۃ والدیھا، وعندما بلغت نازک الملائکۃ الخامسۃ من عمرھا فکر أبویھا علی أن یدخلاھا المدرسۃ، فاختارو لھا الروضۃ التابعۃ للإبتدائیۃ المرکزیۃ في العاقولیۃ۔ وبعد أن انتھت من الدراسۃ الثانویۃ التحقت بمعھد المعلمین العالي وتخرجت سنۃ 1942م۔
درست نازک العزف علی العود، والتمثیل، واللغۃ اللاتینیۃ، واللغۃ الفرنسیۃ، والأدب الانکلیزي، واتجھت الی کتابۃ النثر عام 1951م، ومرضت والدتھا مرضاً مفاجئاً عام 1953 فکتبت قصیدۃ سمتھا ’’ثلاث مرات لأمي‘‘ ودرست في وسکنسن عام 1954، وسافرت الی بیروت۔ وفي عام 1958م قامت في العراق ثورہ 14 تموزہ وقبل ذلک قد عُینت مدرسۃ معیدۃ في کلیۃ التربیۃ في بغداد، فلما عادت 1960م في بیروت الی بغداد تعرفت الی زمیل جدید في قسم اللغۃ العربیۃ في الکلیۃ ھو الدکتور عبدالھادي محبوبۃ وتزوجتہ ومعھا لیسانس بالتربیۃ منذ 1944م من جامعۃ بغداد وأیضاً دخلت معھد الفنون وتخرجت سنۃ 1949م من قسم الموسیقي، وأنھا حصلت علی شھادۃ الماجستیر في الأدب المقارن من جامعۃ مادسن وسکونس عام 1950م من الولایات المتحدۃ الأمریکیۃ، ثم عُینت أستاذۃ في جامعۃ بغداد وجامعۃ البصرۃ وأخیراً جامعۃ الکویت۔
Allah has promised to protect Islam. That is why Allah created scholars and Sufis in different periods that served Islam and preached Islam. The preaching and propagation of Islam in India is due to these Sufis. They left their territories and came to India. One of these scholars and Sufis is Maulana Muhammad Shoaib Tordheri, known as Shaikh Sahib. He was the Shaikh of Moulana Abdul Ghafoor (Swat Babaji), that is the most famous Sufi in Swat Khyber Pakhtonkhwa and Shaikh of the Moulana Abdul Rahim Saharan Puri. Moulana Muhammad Shoaib was not a scholar and sufi, he was also a mujahid. He was martyred while fighting against the Sikhs in 1823 A.D. He wrote a book about Sufism. In his book he wrote about seeratul Nabi and companion of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. After that he discussed circumstances and sayings of Sufis of the all four series (Naqshbandia, Qadria, Cheshtia and Saharwardia) of Sufism. He also described the attributes of the perfect Peer.
In this study 0.5LiMn2O3.0.5LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2, a layered lithium-manganese rich nickel manganese cobalt (LMR-NMC) oxide, was a carefully selected composition for use as a cathode material in Li ion batteries. The effect of synthesis method and doping on this layered lithium-manganese rich, mixed metal oxides is presented. First part of this study deals with the effect of synthesis route on the electrochemical properties of the 0.5LiMn2O3.0.5LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 material. A comparison between Co-precipitation, low temperature (90°C) sol-gel synthesised and high temperature (120°C) sol-gel synthesised LMR composite materials is presented. The study demonstrated that synthesis procedure and conditions strongly influence the electrochemical properties of the synthesized material. Co-precipitation and sol-gel synthesised LMR composites revealed obvious differences in capacity and cycle life, which give the impression from X-ray photoelectron spectra to be strongly related to the particles‘ surface reactivity. In the second part of study, the LMR-NMC materials were doped with varying amounts of aluminium. Small amounts of Al doping to the sol-gel material were shown to improve the rate capability and cyclability, in addition to decreasing voltage fade. The results were interpreted in terms of charge discharge studies and supported by differential capacity plots, impedance measurements and cyclic voltammetry data. The electrochemistry of an aluminium doped material was revealed to be highly dependent on the degree of aluminium doping – with the behaviour of 1% doped material giving a maximum capacity of 201 mAhg-1 at 150 mAg-1 and a capacity retention of 88% after 200 cycles. An attempt has been made to study the effect of Cr doping as well on the electrochemical properties of the LMR-NMC materials. It results in an increase in the initial charge/discharge capacity of the material while decreasing the capacity retention. However, the Cr as a dopant could not be assigned as an improvement in the LMR mixed metal oxide material. The study established the comparative role of co-precipitation and sol-gel methods on the improvement of electrochemical properties of the LMR-NMC oxides. Additionally, controlled Al doped samples substantially improved the discharge capacity while maintaining capacity retention event at very high C-rate.