آہ!مولانا سید ابوالاعلیٰ مودودی
موت وحیات قانون فطرت ہے، جو اس دنیا میں آیاہے اسے ایک دم جانا ضرور ہے، لیکن بعض شخصیتیں ایسی ہوتی ہیں کہ جب وہ اس جہان آب وگل سے رخصت ہوکرعالم آخرت کی طرف پرواز کرتی ہیں توایسا محسوس ہوتاہے کہ قلب و دماغ کی دنیا میں ایک زلزلہ ساآگیاہے اورخرمن ہوش وحواس پربجلی گرپڑتی ہے، اس زلزلہ اورصاعقہ فگنی کااحساس مقید اور محدود نہیں ہوتا بلکہ عالمگیر ہوتاہے اور اس کی شدت اورکرب مشرق ومغرب اورشمال وجنوب میں یکساں محسوس ہوتا ہے، یہی وہ شخصیتیں ہوتی ہیں جن کی وفات پرنطق ربانی کے لفظوں میں زمین وآسمان روتے ہیں اوران کی موت عربی کے اس شعر کامصداق ہوتی ہے:
وماکان قیس ھلکہ ھلک واحد
ولکنہ بنیان قوم تھدما
اس میں کوئی شبہ نہیں ہوسکتا کہ مولانا سید ابوالاعلیٰ مودودی کی وفات ایسی ہی ایک شخصیت کی وفات ہے۔
اب سے ساٹھ اکسٹھ برس پہلے کون کہہ سکتا تھا کہ جس سبزہ آغاز نوجوان نے اپنے والد ماجد کی ناگہانی وفات کے باعث معاشی ضرورت سے مجبور ہوکر اور اپنی تعلیم کوادھورا چھوڑ کر تاج(جبل پور)اورمسلم والجمعیت(دہلی)کی ایڈیٹری کو قبول کیا تھا، وہ ایک روزعالم اسلام کے افق پر آفتاب بن کرچمکنے اور ملت بیضا کی ایک نامور و عظیم تر شخصیت بننے والاہے لیکن موخرٔ الذکر اخبار کی ایڈیٹری (از۱۹۲۵ء تا۱۹۲۸ء)کے زمانہ میں ہی بعض مضامین اور خصوصاً ’’الجہاد فی الاسلام‘‘جواس نوجوان ایڈیٹر کے قلم سے نکلے وہ زبان و بیان اورحقائق و مطالب کے اعتبار سے اس درجہ موثر اورجاذب توجہ تھے کہ غیر منقسم ہندوستان کے ارباب فکر ونظر کی زبان بیساختہ نواسنج تحسین وآفریں ہوگئی اور دوراندیش نگاہوں نے تاڑ لیا کہ جرنلزم کے آسمان پرجو آج ہلال نوبن کر نمودار ہواہے وہ کل علم وتحقیق کے افق پرماہ کامل کی صورت میں جلوہ گر ہوگا۔
جیسا کہ...
This research aimed to assess the general and technical competency of Technical Vocational Education (TVE) teachers in the schools Division of Aklan. It also determined the competency needs and gaps in teaching TVE in the implementation of the program. The study was participated by 118 TVE teachers. Mixed-methods research design using sequential strategy was employed in this study. The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers was used as guide for assessing the general level of competency while self-assessment guide of TESDA was used to assess the level of technical competency. The quantitative data were used as bases in the conduct of focus group discussions to triangulate the responses in the survey. The general competency level of TVE teachers was described as “highly proficient” while the technical competency level was reported on the “advanced” level. The gaps identified were: (1) teacher-subject mismatch, (2) inadequate skills in applying math and science principles in technical training, (3) struggle in promoting understanding of global labor markets, (4) inability to lead workplace communication (5) lack of content knowledge and pedagogy, (6) lack of competence in assessment and reporting, (7) insufficient trainings related to area of specialization, and (8) expired and unaligned national certificates (nc).The competency needs identified were:(1) activities that would enhance competency, (2) motivation and opportunities to acquire/enhance, and apply competency, and (3) renewed professionalism and rejuvenated teaching advocacy and calling.
This work presents investigations of the density, sound velocity, volumetric and acoustical behavior of binary aqueous solutions of some sweeteners namely acesulfame potassium, sodium cyclamate, sodium saccharin; D-mannitol, maltose, and poly sucralose at 293.15–318.15 K. The entire work was done at atmospheric pressure. The objective of study was to support building a suitable relationship among densities, sound velocities, sweeteners’ concentration and structural characteristics to explore sweetness response and molecular interactions in aqueous solution. Densities (r) and sound velocities (μ) have been measured as a function of concentration for aqueous solutions at 293.15–318.15 K and atmospheric pressure using electronic vibrating U tube density and sound velocity meter (DSA 5000M). Solutions of acesulfame- K, cyclamate- Na and saccharin- Na were treated as electrolytes, while D- mannitol, maltose and poly sucralose were considered as non-electrolytes. The results obtained were used to compute their apparent and partial Molal volumes; isentropic apparent and partial Molal isentropic compressibilities and compressibility hydration numbers have been calculated and reported. The apparent Molal volume, (ΦV) of electrolytes indicates negative deviations from Debye-Huckel limiting law. The values obtained for, ΦV, at given temperatures and concentrations may be used as an indicative for the strength and intensity of the ion/solute–ion/solute and ion/solute-solvent interactions. The partial Molal volume (ΦV°) indicates hydrophilic interactions dominating in aqueous solutions of studied sweeteners. Furthermore, apparent specific volumes (ASV) of the ions/solutes were calculated and it was found that these values of the investigated solutes lie between the reported values for sweet substances (0.51 – 0.71 cm3g-1) except for poly sucralose which might behaves differently due to its long chain structure. The partial Molal expansibility (ΦE°), Hepler’s constant (∂2V0/∂T2) and thermal expansion coefficient (a°) have been estimated and correlated to the effect of temperature on solution behavior. The isentropic apparent Molal compressibility (ΦK(s)) and compressibility hydration number (nH) conferred pre-dominance of ion/solute-solvent interactions, whereas partial Molal expansibility and related standards predicted structure making or breaking behavior of studied sweeteners. The Hepler’s constant values for sodium cyclamate and maltose x were negative which associated with the water structure breaking behavior of these sweeteners. The thermodynamic parameters like Apparent Molal volume (ΦV), partial Molal volume (ΦV°), apparent specific volume (ASV), partial Molal expansibility (ΦE°), isentropic apparent Molal compressibility (ΦK(s)) and related constants provided clear distinctions and variable hydration behavior and sweetness response from class to class, structural variability and molecular masses. So, as a whole this study provided new insights in elucidation of mechanistic differences between sweeteners and their mode of interactions.