Polemic Views about the Source of Qur’ān in Medieval Christian Writings with a Reflection upon Contemporary Orientalists: A Critical Review

Before the advent of Islam, there was a strong tradition of polemic writings both among the Jews and the Christians to prove the errors of adversary. But, after the advent of Islam in general, and the conquering of Roman / Byzantine empire by the Muslims in the era of Righteous Califate in specific, due to embracing Islam by a large number of local populace, the flux of Christian polemic writing was directed towards Islam. A number of polemic writings surfaced as a resort to keep their religion alive. These writings tried to belittle all basic concepts, beliefs, and creeds of Islam, and even the personality of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and the Holy Qur’ān. The contemporary orientalist polemic writers have claimed that there are several accounts originating from Jewish and Christian sources which tried to allegedly prove that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was instructed by Jewish or Christian scholars in the composition of Holy Qur’ān, and to support this claim, they not only point out to certain Jewish or Christian sources, but have parroted their arguments as well, with the similar motives. With this, they have attempted to discredit Islam by raising doubts about the origin of Qur’ān. But despite of their efforts the fact remains firm that the Qur’ān has a Divine origin and was revealed by Allah Ta‘ālā unto Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). In this regard, the purpose of this article is to analyze the medieval polemic writings, their motives, and their rumination by the orientalists of the contemporary age. A critical approach is adopted in this analytical, and historical study, using published authentic data and literature including academic books, research papers, periodicals, dictionaries and reliable web sites also.

Some Rare Decays of Particles within R-Parity Violating Super-Symmetric Model

Some Rare Decays of Particles within R-parity violating Super-symmetric Model This thesis compares experimental studies of two and three body leptonic decays of mesons (B and K) with theoretical predictions of R-parity violating Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Observables like branching fraction, forward backward asymmetry and polarization asymmetry are studied regarding these decays. Forward backward asymmetry is found to be significant in the case of K ± → π ± μ+μ− only and vanishingly small in case of B ± → K ± μ+μ−. Polarization asymmetry has also been studied in this research work. It is found to be significant only for two body leptonic decays and comparable with standard model in case of three body leptonic decay of mesons. An error analysis of the branching fraction and CP-asymmetry has also been made for three body leptonic decay of mesons. Theoretical predictions for both branching fraction and CP-asymmetry agree well with present experimental data.