مشترکہ و جداگانہ خاندانی نظام کے معاشرے پر اثرات

Islam is the full code of life that not only provides guidance to its followers but also is a source of growth for each and every one who has soul. Islam emphasizes on formation of an exemplary society. Basic unit of each society is dependent upon the family system. If family system is inspired with good and healthy values, then the resulting society will certainly be brightened with brilliance of the righteous values. Family and affiliation with family is a natural need for humanity. Since Islam is the nature, therefore it provides us full guidance about the family system and its importance in our whole life. Islam emphasizes on family strengthening and stability. The importance of family relationships and relations with the relatives has also been mentioned in the holy Qur’an. Family is referred as “Usrah” in Arabic, which means being bound or connected. Strongest castle is also known as “Usrah” in Arabic, where members within a family remain united and connected together with strong bonding among them. Keeping in view the needs of a family, Islam has described the fundamental principles related to family system in a very narrative way. Moreover, mutual responsibilities towards each other and other rights have also been mentioned explicitly. Even Islam has emphasized on showing generous compassion, sympathy and providing legal rights to one another. While some of the issues have been left mainstream which people within a society consider good and don’t even contradict the principles of Islam. One such issue is the family system. What should be the nature of family? Is it all in living within one family or in a separate family system? There are two types of family systems in Sharia; Joint and separate family systems. The conditions and circumstances which better suit in an environment with good effects on family as well as society should better be adapted. But it should be kept in mind that the western concept of separate family (wife, children and one’s own-self) being presented today is not an Islamic concept. For explaining these aspects, the present article will focus on “what is the basic concept and Impacts of joint and separate family systems in Islam? And what are the impacts of these family systems on the society (economic, social and psychological)

Proposition of Agricultural Education Curriculum and its Teaching Strategies for Secondary Education in Pakistan

Agricultural education is the key component of development and growth of agriculture. This becomes essential when agriculture provides the base for economy of any country like Pakistan. This has vital role for building the capacity of the people in agricultural profession. Many universities and colleges have been offering agricultural education at undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels and lastly, they have also started intermediate pre-Agriculture program. At the same time, the subject of agriculture has been a part of elementary school for many years. This analysis leads to conclusion that the gap that is still existing for the provision of agricultural education at secondary level. To fill this gap, at first level, the curriculum of agriculture must be in hand to start this program but still that has not been developed and launched at secondary level. This study aims at exploring the propositions of agricultural education curriculum and its teaching strategies at secondary level. This research automatically leads to fulfill the demand for agriculture education in schools to provide skilled persons as massive agricultural workforce. The objectives of the study were: a) To review the national educational policies, plans, projects and policy documents regarding agricultural education at secondary level. b) To assess the need of agricultural education for secondary level in relation to intermediate pre-agriculture program. c) To explore the possibilities for proposition of curriculum for agricultural education according to opinions of experts from agriculture. d) To explore teacher training strategies in relation to possibilities of agricultural education at secondary level through the opinion of experts from teacher education. The nature of study was descriptive. The study was conducted in three steps. At the first step; documentary analysis technique was used. Further, the need of agricultural education curriculum for secondary level was assessed. Purposive sampling technique was used to select subject specialists from University of Agriculture Faisalabad and Rawalpindi. At the second step; the data were collected through three round Delphi technique for proposition of agricultural education curriculum. At third step; purposive sampling technique was used to select expert teachers in teacher education from universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. At this step, possible ways were proposed for teacher training in agricultural education at secondary level. The data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The qualitative data were analyzed by themes and analytical approach. This research suggests that agriculture education may be launched at secondary school level and proposed some possibilities to fit agriculture education at secondary level. It is highly recommended that agriculture may be teach as an elective subject in science group. The research suggests that advance knowledge in field of agriculture with pedagogical skills are necessary for teaching of agriculture at secondary level like BS. or B.Sc. (Hons.) in agriculture with B.Ed. or advance diploma in teaching of agriculture. So, this study provides practical directions to policy makers and curriculum planners.