مفتی محمد عبداﷲ صاحب ٹونکی
اخبارات سے یہ خبر معلوم ہوچکی ہوگی کہ جناب مولانا مفتی محمد عبداﷲ صاحب ٹونکی نے ۷؍ نومبر ۱۹۲۰ء کو بعارضۂ فالج بھوپال میں انتقال کیا، مفتی صاحب مرحوم عربی درسگاہوں کی قدیم تعلیم کے بہترین نمونہ تھے، ہندوستان کے مشاہیر علماء میں ان کا شمار تھا، وہ ادب میں مولانا فیض الحسن صاحب اور دینیات میں مولانا احمد علی صاحب محدث کے شاگرد تھے، مولانا فیض الحسن صاحب کے انتقال کے بعد اورینٹل کالج لاہور کی پروفیسری کی جگہ ان کو ملی اور ان کی عمر کا بڑا حصہ اسی درسگاہ میں گزرا، اخیر زمانہ میں وہ دارالعلوم ندوہ کے مدرس مقرر ہوئے تھے اور اس کے بعد مدرسۂ عالیہ کلکتہ کے صدر مدرس ہوئے اور یہیں سے بیمار ہوکر اپنے صاحبزادہ جناب مفتی انوارالحق صاحب ایم، اے ناظم و مشیر تعلیمات بھوپال کے پاس گئے تھے جہاں انہوں نے وفات پائی، غالباً وفات کے وقت مفتی صاحب مرحوم کی عمر ستر (۷۰) کے قریب ہوگی، تعلیمی خدمات کے علاوہ مفتی صاحب کا بڑا کارنامہ انجمن مستشار العلماء لاہور ہے، جو ایک قسم کا دارالافتاء ہے۔ مرحوم نے بعض عربی کی درسی کتابوں پر حواشی بھی لکھے تھے۔ ان کی وفات سے علماء کی صف میں ایک ایسی جگہ خالی ہے جس کے بھرنے کی اب آئندہ امید نہیں۔
(سید سليمان ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۲۰ء)
It is generally believed that the contemporary world of academia is divided between Divine and non-Divine philosophies. By considering the Divine theory in accordance to the human behavior, advocates of theory take it in the best interest of mankind. They argued that the Creator Himself guides the human being in right direction. Islam unlike modern concept of governance does not separate religion from politics and fulfills its legislative needs by means of Divine Law or Shariah. In Islamic system, the state through Caliph will have to establish Shariah of God by working on the restrictions set by Him and in conformity with His orders and commands. Yet he is allowed only to give lawful command and the people are also bound to follow only the lawful commands. In Islam there is no place for such a political order where a solitary individual or a group of persons have authoritarian or dictatorial rule. However, the Muslims, in all circumstances, must cling to the state authorities and are obliged to submit to the ultimate source of law given by the Almighty Allah in the Quran. Non-Divine theories, on the other hand mainly stress upon rationalization of human development and behavior in a certain direction. Leaving those theories aside, current study will focus on the political philosophy of Islam as prescribed by the teachings of Quran and Sunnah. The subject matter of the study is to see the possibilities regarding implementation of Islamic values in the contemporary state and society.
This dissertation is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is general overview which introduces transition metals catalyzed cross coupling reactions especially Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. These have recently emerged as one of the most powerful and fundamental transformations in organic syntheses. Among the several palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, Suzuki-Miyura cross-coupling reaction has become an extremely important method for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds. The second chapter describes the synthesis of fluorinated terphenyls synthesized via Suzuki cross coupling reaction of 1, 4-dibromo-2, 5-difluorobenzene with different boronic acids. Fluorinated terphenyls were obtained in high yields. Structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-MS, FT-IR and single crystal X-Ray analysis. Mono-arylation was also observed in a compound 4, 4’-dibromo-2, 5-difluorobiphenylby using 1 equivalent of arylboronic acid. The third chapter describes the syntheses of 3-arylated quinolines synthesized via Suzuki cross coupling reaction of 3-bromoquinoline with different boronic acids. Several trials were made to enhance yield of final products by using different catalytic systems. Extensively diversified arylated quinolines were synthesized in relatively high yields. Structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-MS, FT-IR and single crystal X-Ray analysis. Synthesized arylated quinolines are not readily available by any other methodologies. The Fourth chapter describes the syntheses of 2, 5-diarylated pyridine synthesized via Suzuki cross coupling reaction of 2,5-dibromopyridine with different boronic acids. Diversified results were obtained as 4 different products 5, 6, 8 and 9 were obtained even after using 2.2 equivalents of different aryl boronic acids. Regioselectivity is also studied and well characterized with help of XRD analysis. Abstract x The fifth chapter describes the experimental procedures and characterization data of synthesized compounds. The sixth chapter describes the biological activities of the synthesized compounds. These compounds were subjected to various biological activities like anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antinociceptive and urease inhibition activities. The overall biological activity screening demonstrated that majority of these compounds are significantly bioactive. The last chapter describes the solubilization of quinoline derivatives in micellar solutions of surfactants. In micellar solutions of surfactants the solubility of the quinoline derivatives increased linearly with the increase in surfactant concentration irrespective of the type of surfactant. The molar solubilization ratio (MSR), micelle-water partition coefficient (KM), and the Gibbs energy of solubilization (Δ???) of these compounds in the micelles were determined and correlated with each other. This comparative study can be used to select an appropriate medium for the quinoline derivatives solubilization.