محمد عباس اثرؔ
محمد عباس اثرؔ(۱۹۰۱ئ۔پ) کا اصل نام محمد عباس اور اثرؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ اثر ؔراولپنڈی میں پیدا ہوئے۔ سیالکوٹ میں بزمِ افکار کا احیا کیا اور اس بزم کے صدر بنے۔ اثر سیالکوٹ میں حلقہ اربابِ ذوق کے ممبر بھی منتخب ہوئے۔ آپ نعت‘ غزل‘ نظم اور قطعات لکھتے تھے ۔(۳۴۰) اثر روایتی شاعر ہیں۔ ان کی شاعری توحید و رسالت‘ یاسیت اور دردو غم میں ڈوبی ہوئی ہے۔ کچھ اشعارملاحظہ ہوں:
آج کچھ اور حال ہے دل کا
بجھ رہا ہے چراغ محفل کا
اک بگولہ اٹھا سرِ منزل
اڑ رہا ہے غبار منزل کا
غم کی کونپل نگاہ سے پھوٹی
کوئی ٹوٹا ہے آبلہ دل کا
آندھی اٹھی اثرؔ بڑھائو قدم
بجھ رہا ہے چراغ منزل کا
(۳۴۱)
کیا سناتے انہیں ہم حال سنایا نہ گیا
درد محسوس تو ہوتا تھا دکھایا نہ گیا
اور تو رنج کئی ہم نے اٹھائے لیکن
رنج بے مہری احباب اٹھایا نہ گیا
(۳۴)۲
شکستِ غم آرزو درد بن کر
میرے دل کو رہتا ہے اکثر لپیٹے
اثر میں نے اشعار میں ضبطِ غم سے
سلگتے ہوئے چند آنسو سمیٹے
(۳۴۳)
جب نہیں تھے بحرو بر‘ انجم زمین و آسماں
تھا فقط حسنِ ازل یعنی خدا کی ذات تھی
کائنات حسن جب پھیلی تو لا محدود تھی
اور جب سمٹی محمدؐ مصطفٰے کی ذات تھی (۳۴۴)
The only religion Islam provides the thorough layout for human beings not only covers the spiritual needs but also shaped the materialistic desires in a better way. The most important aspect among all is the availability of proper, smooth flowing and practical financial system as it involve almost in all fields of life. Looking at the current situation and fast growing industry, Islamic Banking System emerged as solid and firm scheme for optimum utilization of finance in full conformity of Shariʽah. ʼijāra is one of the modes frequently used in Interest free banks. The Bank of Khyber claims as Parallel Banking System i.e. It practicing conventional Banking as well as Islamic Banking System. This study emphasis on analyzing the practice of ʼijāra as a financing mode in the wake of Parallel Banking system of Bank of Khyber in the light of Sharʽiah teachings and to portray the real picture of it to enhance the level of satisfaction of customer.
Foreign investment law is an emergent new law field, in which legal framework over global investments are discussed. The country of origin from where the investment is coming or originated is called as the ‘home’ country, whereas the recipient country of that investment is called as the ‘host’ country. Foreign investment law comprises the very principles of customary international law and international investment treaties involving the economic relations of two countries. One important subject in this field of law is the multinational agreements between the countries, like the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). This study primarily relates to examine the investment laws and its procedure of three South Asian countries, i.e., Pakistan, China, and Malaysia - as to how foreign investment has contributed towards the development of these respective countries. In the first Chapter, brief introduction encompassing different definitions, concepts, and principles underlying this field of law are examined. Under the study, the international investment regime is explored, i.e. characteristics, types of international investment laws, and international institutions dealing with the investment laws. Core issues like the interpretation of bilateral investment treaties and internationally recognized protection clauses are also reviewed. The study critically examines the vires of Pakistan investment laws and procedure keeping in view of the above cited principles of international investment laws and as to how by promulgating more investment friendly laws, the investment landscape can be changed. Later on, bilateral investment treaty regimes of Pakistan and its economic relations arising therefrom are focused in great detail. The study reveals that Pakistan has a weaker international investment regime due to which its economy is under pressure from undeliberated BITs that were signed by the different government officials without looking into the contents of these agreements. The study further reveals that Pakistan should develop its own Bilateral Investment Treaties Model instead of following the infested Bilateral Investment Treaties, that need an immediate revocation. Analyzing the international investment vi regime of China and Malaysia, the study suggests that there is a linkage between the overall investment environment, i.e. prosperity, law & order situation, natural resources, as well as investment in these countries, which helped them to achieve the investment gradually and steadily. Both China and Malaysia are taking full advantage of BITs executed with other countries. The study also highlights that for attracting the foreign investment, Pakistan should also review its national laws on investment and more focus on friendly bilateral investment treaties regime that ought to protect both Pakistani interest and interests of investors. The respective study is mainly analytical, thematic, and evaluative in nature, and includes an interpretation of available empirical, historical, and interpretive literature on the subject of investment law. This study involves qualitative and quantitative and exploratory methods of research.