مقناطیس
ڈاکٹر جمیل حیات
‘‘اگر آپ خودکوشش نہیں کریں گے تو اِس مصیبت سے آپ کو کوئی اور نہیں نکالے گا۔’’
بزرگ کافی دیر سے اُسے سمجھانے کی کوشش کر رہے تھے۔
‘‘آخر آپ سمجھتے کیو ں نہیں؟ مانا کہ بہت مشکل ہے لیکن آپ پڑھے لکھے ہیں۔یہ جانتے ہیں کہ اِس کا علاج تو حکیم لقمان کے پاس بھی نہیں تھا۔ ’’
وہ ہمہ تن گوش تھا۔ ‘‘ بجا فرمایا حضرت آپ نے۔ ’’ بڑی دیر کے بعد بالآخر اُس نے زبان کھولی۔ ‘‘ پھر بھی آپ اللہ والے ہیں۔ دعا بھی تو تقدیر بدلتی ہے۔’’بزرگ مسکرائے، اُن کا دلآویز تبسم مایوس اور نا امید لوگوں کے لیے زندگی کی علامت تھا تاہم وہ اِس وقت بہت بکھرا ہوا ، بے حدتھکا ہوا لگ رہا تھا اُس کی نظر اُن پر تو تھی مگر ذہن کہیں اور تھا۔ ‘‘ میاں تم ٹھیک کہتے ہو ، لیکن یہ بھی جانتے ہو کہ اللہ اُس وقت تک کسی قوم یا فرد کی حالت نہیں بدلتا جب تک وہ خود اپنی حالت نہ بدلے۔ ’’
اُس کی نگاہوں میں دنیا جہاں کا کرب تھا۔ ‘‘ اِس کا مطلب ہے۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ’’
ً ‘‘ہاں۔ ’’ اُ نہوں نے اُس کی بات کاٹتے ہوئے کہا۔ ‘‘ اب یہ صرف آپ پر منحصر ہے۔ آپ کوشش تو کریں، مالک کرم کرے گا۔’’
شام کا اندھیرا چھا چکاتھا۔جب وہ بزرگ سے اِجازت لے کر نکلا۔سڑک پر چلتے ہوئے وہ اپنے خیالوں میں گم تھا ، جب اچانک ہی کسی گاڑی کے زور سے بریک لگانے کی آواز نے اُسے چونکا دیا:
‘‘او بھائی ! اگر خودکشی کا اِتنا ہی شوق ہے تو کہیں اور جا کر مرو۔’’
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The history of Muslim Education reveals that there was no difference of materialistic and religious education in the past. However, for the last two centuries, Muslim world divided into many ideologies which consequently produced separate educational institutions for every ideology. In the secular/modern educational institutions, religious and metaphysical studies are missing while, on the other hand, religious seminaries focus on the pure religious education. In such a situation, two kinds of students are graduating from our educational institutions which do not have congruence in practical life with each other. Present Muslim world in dire need of a comprehensive educational system combining the modern secular and religious subjects in an appropriate manner. Currently, if Islamic world is distressed technologically at one hand, it is divided in many sects, on the other. Therefore, acquisition of scientific and religious, both kinds of education are required for Muslims. In the present paper, the responsibilities of Muslim world are discussed to face the current and future challenges from educational perspective in order to portray a true picture of Islam and its followers.
Lasuirus scindicus Henard and Cymbopogon jwarancusa are members of Poaceae family. They are both drought tolerant and C4 grasses. They are perennial grasses. Lasuirus scindicus Henard is a major source of fodder and live stock in Cholistan and Thal desert. These species can survive in arid and harsh environments. Cymbopogon jwarancusa is also famous for its aroma and medicinal importance as its leaf, and stem, extract are used in many herbal medicine. Essential oils are also obtained from Cymbopogon jawarancusa. An experiment was performed in the net-house of Old Botanical Garden, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, in plastic pots containing soil mixture to assess different morphological, physiological and anatomical adaptations under drought stress. Completely randomized design (CRD) was applied for statistical analysis. Four drought stress levels were maintained for this experiment, i.e., 100%FC (control), 80%FC, 60%FC, and 40%FC. Data was recorded for various, morphological, physiological, and anatomical attributes then it was subjected to statistical analysis for comparison of different drought levels. Most of the morphological attributes were found decreased with subsequent increase in drought level. While physiological attributes shown variation in their response such as concentration of cations found increased both in root and shoot ionic content with the subsequent increase in drought stress level. However chlorophyll contents were found decreased with increase in drought stress level. Proline and Glycine Betaine amount was increased against drought stress. In anatomical parameters metaxylem area was reduced and epidermal, bulliform cell area and sclerenchyma thickness was found increased in response to severe drought stress