محمد جمیل پرواز
محمد جمیل پروازؔ(۱۹۳۹ئ۔۲۰۰۲ئ) سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے ۔لیکن ان کی رہائش تحصیل سمڑیال میں تھی۔ آپ حبیب بینک میں اعلیٰ عہدے پر فائز رہے۔ ۱۹۶۰ء میں انھوں نے شعر و شاعری کا آغاز کیا۔ (۹۲۰)’’ لب اظہار ‘‘جمیل پرواز کا پہلا غزلیہ شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ جو ۱۹۹۷ء میں کاغذی پیرہن لاہور نے شائع کیا۔ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ ۱۹۹۹ء میں ’’پرواز‘‘ بھی کاغذی پیرہن نے شائع کیا۔ جمیل پرواز کا تیسرا شعری مجموعہ’’ کانٹوں کے ساتھ ساتھ‘‘ کاغذی پیرہن لاہور سے اپریل ۲۰۰۰ء میں شائع ہوا۔ آپ کا چوتھا شعری مجموعہ ’’جلتے ہاتھ‘‘ علم و عرفان پبلشرز لاہور نے طبع کیا۔
جمیلؔ پرواز ایک قادر الکلام شاعر ہیں۔ انھوں نے غزل کے ساتھ ساتھ دیگر اصناف سخن میں بھی طبع آزمائی کی ہے۔ پرواز ایک رجائی شاعر ہیں۔ حالات جیسے بھی ہوں ان کے ہاں نا امیدی اور یاسیت نظر نہیں آتی۔ وہ زندگی کے مثبت پہلوئوں کو دیکھنے والے انسان اور شاعر ہیں۔
جمیل پروازؔ کی شاعری میں ایسے متعدد اشعار موجود ہیں جن میں آپ نے اپنے اندر کی دنیا کا منظر دکھانے کی کوشش کی ہے ۔وہ بڑے مخلص انسان تھے لیکن زندگی میں انھیں کوئی مخلص انسان نہیں ملا۔ جس کا اظہار ان کی شاعری میں جا بجا ملتا ہے۔ داخلیت ان کی شاعری میں بدرجہ اتم موجود ہے۔ دوستوں کی بے وفائی اور بے مروتی کا اظہار بھی اکثر ان کے اشعار میں دیکھا جا سکتاہے۔ کچھ اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں:
زندگی کا ہر کسی کو حوصلہ دیتا ہوں میں
گردشِ دوراں کو یوں اکثر سزا دیتا ہوں میں
سوادِ تیرگی میں روشنی تقسیم کرتا ہوں
دیارِ بے دلاں میں زندگی تقسیم کرتا ہوں (۹۲۱)
ہمارے ساتھ چلے تھے جو رہبروں کی طرح
وہ پیش آئے ہیں رستے میں رہزنوں کی طرح
عجب سی رہنے لگی بے بسی...
This study was carried out to investigate the impact of integrating two theories on consumer behavior, namely the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Technology Acceptance Models (TAM), on the consumer behavior intention in online food shopping in the city of Pekanbaru. A descriptive quantitative method was employed in this research, utilizing purposive sampling techniques. The study involved 174 female respondents aged 18 and above, residing in the city of Pekanbaru, who had previously engaged in online food shopping. The analysis of data was performed utilizing the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach. The results indicated that both the perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use have a notable impact on attitude (ATT). Furthermore, behavioral intention was significantly influenced by attitude (ATT), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC). The originality of this study resides in combining the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Technology Acceptance Models (TAM) within the specific context of online food shopping in the city of Pekanbaru. This study is expected to contribute to the field of consumer behavior, especially the behavior of consumers in Pekanbaru regarding online food shopping.
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is known for its multifacid properties sustaining human life in most of the Asian countries. The date palms in Arabian and Asian countries have been severely infested by a serious pest known as Red Palm Weevil (RPW) (Rhynchophorus ferrugeneus) Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Rhynchophorinae) for the last three decades. In the present study, a survey was conducted in heavily infested areas of Pakistan. Our results show that RPW population increased in the months of March, April, May and June. There was a positive correlation between the RPW and temperature during 2014. However, relative humidity (RH) had an adverse impact on the RPW population. Maximum percent infestation was observed in Sindh (24.22%) and minimum in Baluchistan (8.16%). In an olfactometer based behavioral response study of the RPW, least antixenotic effect was displayed by a cultivar named as “Hillawi” with maximum attraction of R. ferrugineus adults (23.65±5%) while “Aseel” showed high antixenotic effect with maximum weevil’s attraction (13±3%). A perceptible general reduction in the different biochemical features and development has been observed under biotic pressure in all plants. In order to investigate the defense response in R. ferrugineus infested date palms, some common physiological indexes were determined. Level of antioxidants such as proline, MDA, ascorbic acid, catalase, peroxidase and soluble sugars increased in Hillawi & Aseel (12.03 & 9.4 μmole/g, 17.66 & 13.83 μmole/g, 7.06 & 6.06 μmole/liter, 0.756 & 0.663 μmole/mint/mg protein, 0.25 & 0.18 μmole/mint/gf wt and 60.33 & 50.01 μmole/mint/gf wt) upon infestation by R. ferrugineus. We also conducted DNA barcoding of R. ferrugineus and our sequencing results indictate no significant difference in the RPW weevils collected and phylogeny trees constructed by CO1 and ITS revealed that all the weevils tested showed not significant genetic variations with a similarity index of 99-100% with already reported from KSA (Mecca & Najran) and UAE. About 92% and 97% similarity with R. bilineatus and R. vulneratus respectively was observed. For the control of R. ferrugineus, we used different two nematode strains (S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora) and one fungus (B. bassiana), resulted a tremendous increase in the larval, prepupal and pupal duration of RPW. However, adult life span and weight were deceased. Diet consumption and frass production were also reduced with the combined applications of EPN and EPF. We have studied the level of insecticide resistance against cypermethrin caused by P450 genes in population of RPW collected from various regions of Pakistan. Results indicate that resistance level in the R. ferrugineus population was significantly different in the different laboratory populations (7.32, 4.30, 15.51 and 1.98 in FP, FK, FS and FB respectively) upon the knockdown of P450 gene with resistance level up to 178.5 folds in the LR (G6) by using dsRNA applications. The gene expression was further verified by checking the protein expression through western blotting. RNAi based silencing of CYP450 proved as a successful management tool against RPW.