سِکھ مَت کا فلسفہ عبادت اور اُن پر تعلیماتِ اسلامیہ کے اثرات (گُرو گَرنتھ صاحب کی روشنی میں) The philosophy of worship in Sikhism and the effects of Islamic teachings on them (In the light of Gurū Granth Ṣāḥib)

In Sikhism, the concept of worship revolves around remembrance of God and prayers to God Almighty. Various terms are used for worship in Sikhism among them are Naam Japna, Path Karna and Naam Simran. The best form of worship is to always meditate on the name of God and to sing the words of the Sikh Gurus in a humorous manner. This concept of worship in Sikhism has a limited meaning, while the comprehensive system of worship offered by Islam does not exist in Sikhism. However, inspired by Islamic teachings, prayers, remembrance of God, selection of words for worship from the Holy Book and the construction of places of worship in the Islamic style are arguments to accept the influence of Islam. Sikhism teaches to seek God’s pleasure through worship and to be freed from the cycle of reincarnation through good deeds and to worship the only true God.In this article a detailed study is presented regarding the philosophy of worship in Sikhism and impacts of Islamic teachings on them.

New Generalizations of Power Cauchy Distribution

Four new generalizations of power-Cauchy distribution are proposed in this thesis. Firstly, the Poisson-X family is proposed and its important mathematical properties are obtained. Then, a member of the Poisson-X family namely the Poisson power-Cauchy)distributionisdefinedanditsstructuralpropertiesareinvestigated. The proposed model is fitted to three real-life data sets to illustrate its flexibility. Secondly, the log-odd normal generalized family of distributions is introduced. Then, a special model of this family, the log-odd normal power-Cauchy is defined and its mathematical properties are obtained. A real-life data set is used to prove the superiority of the proposed model. Thirdly, the Weibull-Power-Cauchy distribution is proposed and its mathematical properties are obtained. Two useful characterizations based on truncated moments are also presented. The proposed model is applied to three real-life data sets to investigate its flexibility. Lastly, a new extensionofpower-Cauchymodelisproposedbycompoundingthepower-Cauchyand negative-binomial distribution called the power-Cauchy negative-binomial distribution. Some mathematical properties of the proposed model are obtained and the model parameters are estimated using the maximum likelihood method. A simulation study is carried out to investigate the performance of maximum likelihood method. The flexibility of the proposed model is illustrated through three real-life data sets. Then, a new class of regression model is introduced for location and scale based on the logarithm of the proposed random variable and, estimation and inference on the regression coefficients are discussed.