عیدی
جب لوگ آسمان کی وسعتوں میں
ایک خم دار دھندلی سی لکیر تلاش کر رہے تھے
جو سب کے لیے باعث ِ مسرت تھی
مگر کسے خبر تھی
وہ شام میرے لیے غموں کے طوفان لانے والی ہے
اس لکیر کو دیکھتے ہوئے
میرے تصور میں بھی ایک نقطہ سا پھیلنے لگا
جو ایک مانوس صورت کا روپ دھار رہا تھا
چند قیمتی اذیت دہ لمحات میں ڈھلتی صورت
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic illness with high prevalence and mortality, leading toeconomic burden ofhealth due to prolonged hospital stay and re-admissions. Failure to comprehend the importance of identifying mental illnesses could lead to explanations that why the morbidity and mortality of heart failure patients endure to be very high. Objective: To determine the frequency of anxiety and depression in heart failure patients. Methods: It is a descriptive cross sectional study including 323 CHF patients admitted to the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology hospital, 250 were males and 73 were females, mean age was 54.1 ± 9.2 years having 70 years as maximum and 25 years as minimum. Data was collected with the help of HADS questionnaire. Patients were interviewed for assessment of anxiety and depression. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for quantitative data and for qualitative data frequency and percentageswas calculated. To measure the association of anxiety and depression with age categories and gender, chi square test was used. P values less than and equal to 0.05 were taken as significant. Results: The results showed that 43% subjects had <11 score indicating no anxiety, 57% had >11score indicating anxiety. 45% subjects had<11 score indicating no depression, 55% had >11score indicating depression. Conclusions: The study concluded that frequency of depression and anxiety is high in congestive heart failure patients. Strategies are required to assess and diagnose these mental illnesses to establish early treatment which may foster multidisciplinary health care team approach and interventions that address the psychological burden.
This study aims to explore the impact of national elections on stock and commodity market of Pakistan for the sample period of 1997 to 2013. Four national elections were held during the sampled period. The impact of these four national elections on stock market and the latest two national elections on commodity market are analyzed. The later are restricted to national election 2008 and 2013 due to establishment of Pakistan mercantile exchange in 2007. The stock and commodity returns that is average abnormal return (AABR) and cumulative average abnormal return (CAABR) are computed for a time window of 41 days that is 20 days prior, Election Day, and 20 days after the election. The returns of 120 days before the proposed time window are taken as a benchmark. The results indicate both positive and negative abnormal return in the proposed time frame for both average abnormal return and cumulative average abnormal return by employing market model and market model adjusted for GARCH. Similarly, the cumulative average abnormal returns are tested for different time span and results show abnormal return for all the national elections both for stock and commodity markets. The results indicate that both Karachi stock exchange and Pakistan mercantile exchange exhibit inefficient behavior around these national elections.