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Exploring roles of illiterate pashtun women in household management :a study of village Dagai district Swabi

Thesis Info

Author

Khan, Namra Abdullah

Supervisor

Neelam Farid

Department

Department of Sociology

Program

MSc

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

82

Subject

Sociology

Language

English

Other

MA/MSc 307.772 KHE

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722428461

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لومڑی دی چالاکی تے خرگوش

لومڑی دی چالاکی تے خرگوش

کسے جنگل وچ خرگوشاں دی اک جوڑی رہندی سی۔ بہت سوہنے اک خرگوش تے اک خرگوشنی ہسدے کھیڈدے اوہناں دے دن بہت پیار نال گزر رہے سن۔ دونویں اک دوسرے دا بہت خیال رکھدے سن۔ اک دوسرے دی گل مندے۔ اوہناں وچکار کدے وی کسے گل تے جھگڑا نئیں سی ہویا۔ دونویں مل کے شکار کردے تے مل کے کھاندے سن۔

اک دن اچانک جدوں اوہ گھر دے باہر کھیڈ رہے سن کہ اک بھیڑیا آ گیا۔ اوہنے جدوں موٹے تازے خرگوش ویکھے تاں اوس دی نیت وچ فتور آ گیا۔ اوس خرگوش اتے حملہ کیتا۔ خرگوشنی تے خرگوش رل کے جرأت نال اوس دا مقابلہ کیتا تے بھیڑئیے نوں اوتھوں نسن تے مجبور کر دتا۔ بھیڑیے نوں شکار ہتھ نہ لگن تے ہار اتے بہت غصہ آیا۔ اوہ اوتھوں چلا تے گیا پر جاندے ہوئے آکھن لگا میں تہانوں چھڈاں گا نئیں۔

اک دن اوس چالاک لومڑی نوں اپنے گھر دعوت تے بلایا تے دعوت توں بعد اوس نوں آکھیا کہ توں میرا اک کم کر میں تینوں انعام دیواں گا۔ انعام دے لالچ وچ آ کے اوس کم کرن دی حامی بھر لئی۔ بھیڑیا آکھدا اے کہ جنگل کے اوس نکرے اک موٹا تازہ خرگوش تے خرگوشنی رہندے نیں۔ اوہناں دا آپس وچ بہت پیار اے۔ توں اوہناں وچکار غلط فہمی پیدا کر۔ جدوں اوہ بدظن ہو جاون گے تاں میں وار و واری اوہناں دا شکار کراں گا۔ا نعام دے نال نال اوہناں دا تازہ گوشت وی تینوں دیواں گا۔

اگلے دن خرگوش بیمار ہو جاندا اے تے خرگوشنی اکلے ای شکار کرن لئی آ رہی ہوندی اے۔ لومڑی نے موقع دا فائدہ چک دے ہویاں پہلاں خرگوش تے خرگوشنی دا حال پچھیا جدوں اوس نوں پتہ...

The Impact of SMEs on the Economic Development of Pakistan

Pakistan is a country where the expansion of the industrial sector is necessary, and in this process, the relative significance of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector cannot be overstated. SMEs comprise approximately 90% of total businesses in Pakistan; nearly 80% of the workforce other than the agriculture sector is employed by the SMEs; and approximately 40% of GDP is contributed by the SMEs.1 Though, the growth of SMEs is constrained by financial and other resources that is not faced by Large Scale Manufacturing (LSM) sector. From the facts and figures presented in this paper, it can be concluded that SMEs perform a dynamic role in the growth of all the related sectors of the economy. This study empirically analyzes the effect of innovation and activities of SMEs on economic growth of Pakistan over the span of 19732017. The study concludes that the activities of SMEs do influence the economic development of Pakistan.

Effects of Organizational Culture on Employees? Job Satisfaction With Interactional Justice As Mediator: A Comparison Between Multinational and Domestic Pharmaceutical Companies of Pakistan

This research offers an insight into the effects of the organizational culture of domestic and multinational pharmaceutical companies of Pakistan, on the job satisfaction levels of employees working in them, through the mediating effects of perceived levels of interactional justice. By explaining the interactions between organizational culture, interactional justice and job satisfaction, the managers and owners of those organizations shall be able to modify and inculcate the requisite changes in their organizational cultures to enhance the output levels of their employees through increasing the job satisfaction levels. Through this research, it is empirically established that organizational culture is positively and significantly related to job satisfaction. Furthermore, it is also established that interactional justice also has a significant and positive mediation effect on the relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction levels of the employees. Through analysis of data collected from a total of 396 employees working in 11 domestic and multinational companies operating in Pakistan, using convenience sampling technique, it is established that organizational culture, interactional justice and job satisfaction levels of multinational pharma companies are relatively better than domestic pharma companies. This difference is empirically attributed to better organizational cultures of multinational pharma companies in the research. Based on the analysis, it is recommended that organizational culture of a pharmaceutical company can be improved by adhering to written rules and procedures instead of relying on verbal instructions. Moreover, a culture which supports and encourages innovation and initiative shown by employees improves the organizational culture prevailing in the organization. Equitable pay scales and fair chances of upward mobility within the organizational hierarchy through timely promotions also result in better score of organizational culture, thus increasing the overall job satisfaction levels.