Maulana Muhammad Ali - A Strategic Point in Indo-Muslim Politics (Comment)

‘A great man’, says Justice Oliver Wendell, Jr, ‘represents a great ganglion in the nerves of society, or to vary the figure, a strategic point in the campaign of history, and part of his greatness consists in being there’. (italic ours). And Maulana Muhammad Ali was one such nerve-centre in Indo-Muslim society during the second and third decades of the twentieth century. Indeed, he was one such strategic point in the onward march of Indo-Muslim politics that eventually found culmination and crystallization in the emergence of Pakistan. Actually no one else represented the tone, tenor and temper of the romanticist, Khilafatist era (in the 1910s and 1920s) as he did in his hectic life, his revolutionary activities his numerous discomfitures, and in his tragic death. Whether he led a hectic life, whether he took recourse to a revolutionary path, or whether he goaded himself to die a tragic death outside the frontiers of his motherland cataclysmically, in whatever he did, he, consciously or unconsciously, carried forward the campaign of Indo-Muslim history: the redemption of Islam in India and abroad. In other words, he stood, above all, for an honourable existence for Muslims in India and in the rest of the troubled Muslim world in the existential crisis that convulsed Muslim India and that world.

Effect of E-Learning As a Supplement to Traditional Method of Learning in Biology at Secondary School Level

The idea of E-Learning merely means electronic learning. It is multifaceted. It includes all forms of electronic devices that are involved in teaching and learning situation to make learning easy. The devices include computer and other audio-visual services. E-Learning encourages individual teachers to find out new ways of integrating technology and resources into their classroom settings. In education the use of the combination of traditional and E-Learning results in a new learning environment called Blended learning environment. It is, therefore, the current study is performed to inquire about the effectiveness of E-learning on the academic outcomes of the students. The study was focused on its objective of comparative analysis of the traditional means of education with the modern innovative way of teaching and learning known as E-learning. In this regards the best research strategy of experimental approach, pre-test and post-test control group deign, was adopted. Two government’s girls high school of Bannu, KP, of Biology students were taken as sample for the study. A pre-test was administered for the formation of two groups i.e.Control group and experimental group. The objective of the pre-test was to know prior knowledge of each student and to justly equalize the both groups.For the period of four week of teaching to both groups was equally done only with the exception of E-learning as a supplemental treatment to the experimental group was additionally provided. After the treatment in the stipulated time period, a post-test was taken from both groups to judge the effectiveness of E-learning method as compared to the face to face traditional method of teaching.Mean, standard deviation and t-test were used to determine the performance of both groups. Experimental group of the study performed well as compared to the control group which signifies the effectiveness of the E-learning as a supplement to usual teaching method. The new approach of teaching based on E-Learning was recommended as supplement to traditional method for instruction in secondary schools. However, it was suggested that teachers should be exposed to the new technology of E-Learning not only in the subject of Biology but also in other subjects.