پتھّر۔۔۔؟؟
میں تم کو پتھر سمجھا تھا
تنہائی میں اک دن میں نے
تم کو پتھر کہہ ڈالا تھا
بات یہ میری سُن کر پتھر
بہت برا وہ مان گئے تھے
پھر میں سمجھا ، پھر میں جانا
نرم بھی ہوتے ہیں کچھ پتھر
کیا کیا بیج اگاتے ہیں وہ
اُن کو پیڑ بناتے ہیں وہ
اُن پر پھول سجاتے ہیں وہ
اُن کا درد بٹاتے ہیں وہ
پتھر کا بھی دل ہوتا ہے
اُس کو بھی سبزہ بھاتا ہے
اب میں سمجھا اب میں جانا
نہیں مناسب تم کو کہنا
نہیں مناسب پتھر کہنا
کاش کہ تُو بھی پتھر ہوتا
This article describes the methodology and characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsir. This is one the finest work of Allama Ibn al-Jawzī, a 6th century prominent Interpreter. Several editions of this Tafsir have been published. However, the edition of dar al-kitab al-‘arbi, Beirut published in four volumes is selected for this study. This exegesis is based on conventional narrations, authentic quotations from the Islamic Scholars and lingual & grammatical discussions. As a witness, causes of verses (asbab al-Nuz┴l), Makki and Madani Surah’s (chapters), the abrogating and abrogated verses (al-nasikh wal-mans┴kh) and Islamic jurisprudence have been discussed in it where needed. The quality of this translation which is admirable is that mostly authentic Ahadith from original sources, and references to well known basic books in relevant discussions have been described.
It is ubiquitous, in some industrial and biological process, to confront a situation where fluid
flows through another thin layer fluid, usually called a lubricant layer. Some of this can be found
in living systems including red blood cells (RBC) flow patterns through narrow capillaries, flow
of liquids in lungs and eyes etc. And in the machinery systems such as heating of fluids, coating
of thin films, electrical seals and paints etc. It is necessary to deal with nonlinear differential
equations with linear boundary conditions for stretching flow with no-slip. On the other hand,
one needs to resolve nonlinear differential equations imposed on nonlinear boundary conditions
for the boundary layer flow over a lubricated layer. Due to the nonlinearities the system become
more complicated which results in getting analytic solutions very hard. In addition, the governing
equations for non-Newtonian fluids have a higher order than the current boundary conditions
and, in the stretching and stagnation point flows, the coefficient of the leading derivative
disappears at the domain starting/initial point. As a consequence, numerical solution cannot be
achieved through a generic integration scheme. Researchers have used various methods to deal
with these difficulties. This inspires us to understand the movement of flow and heat over a
lubricated
layer
of
a
nanofluid.