''المواھب اللدنیۃ با لمنح المحمدیۃﷺ'' کا تعارفی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ An Analytical study of the

Although Imam Qusṭalānī, in compiling his book "Al-Mawāhib Al-Laduniyat Bil Minḥ Al-Muhammadiyah", has followed the footsteps of Qazi Ayaz’s book Al- Shifā. But many chapters and information are unique to them and he has expanded this book with his additions and made it a treasure trove of information. This book is a beautiful fusion of the traditions of Muhaddithin and Ahl-e-Siyyar. Because he was not only a muhaddith but also a biographer. Were his greatest service in the learning of Hadith is "Irshad Al-Sārī Sharh Saḥiḥ Bukhārī", there his most significant service in Sira is this book. He has used the traditions of both the narrators and the Biographers in compiling it. In this book, the locks of meanings are opened with the keys of Fatḥ Al-Bārī Li Ibn-e-Hajar ‘Asqalānī. In other words, he has benefited a lot from Fatḥ Al-Bārī Sharḥ Bukhari and has gained a lot of confidence. A large number of scholars have used this book, including Shiblī Nu‘mānī, who has made extensive use of it in his Sirat un-Nabiﷺ . Due to its popularity, many of its rates have been written. The most detailed of these is the Zurqānī rate of Qusṭalānī. The great scholar like Imam Zarqani has commented in eleven volumes of this book, which is proof of its authenticity, noteworthy, and worth reading and treasure. Sheikh Nūruddin Ṭrabulsī gave Sharh and great people like Safiuddin Qasashi, Burhanuddin Ibrahim Maimoni, Shamsuddin Muhammad Shobri Misri and Nooruddin Ali Qari embellished this book with their footnotes. On the one hand, it teaches love and respect for the Holy Prophet ﷺ and on the other hand, it mentions the rights of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and the rewards for their payment. The writing style of the book is simple and smooth as well as eloquent and eloquent. The temptation is not so long that the length will be too long for the reader, nor is it so short that access to the concepts and demands will not be possible due to the brevity. The book has been read by the people and it has been adopted by biographers as an authentic and reliable source. Because of its importance and usefulness, an introductory and analytical study of this book will be presented in this article.

Use of a Plant Virus Vector for Screening of Gene Constructs With Potential Insecticidal Activity Musarrat Shaheen 2017

Extending the novel implications of plant viruses as invaluable genetic tools in the field of transgenic plant technology, Potato Virus X (PVX) based transient gene expression is a simple rapid, inexpensive methodology employed for preliminary screening and evaluation of insecticidal gene constructs in plant sucking insect species. In this study, PVX vector was employed to achieve high throughput expression of two-candidate insecticidal proteins viz. Hvt, (Hydronyche versuta spider) and ACA Lectin (Allium cepa agglutinin) in tobacco plants. The Reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) revealed a high throughput expression of 117 bp Hvt, 325 bp ACA Lectin in tobacco were bioassayed in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (P. solenopsis Tinsley), Aphis gossypii Glover, (A. gossypii Glover), M. persicae Sulzer (M. persicae Sulzer) and herbivorous insect species of Helicoverpa virescens (H. virescens), Spodoptera littoralis (S. littoralis). The results revealed severe insecticidal and antagonistic effect of Hvt in terms of significant insect mortality p<0.01%, reduced population survival and nymph production in P. solenopsis Tinsley, A. gossypii Glover and M. persicae Sulzer. ACA Lectin also exerted significant anti-feedent and insecticidal characteristics at p<0.01% on colonization and population survival in tested insects and larval mortality and lower dry weight gain in herbivorous insect species of H. virescens and S. littoralis. The practical application of PVX vector was extended through PVX- based VIGS mediated production of dsRNAs of two partial insect gene transcripts i.e. Voltage Gated Calcium Channel (PSCaVα1) and Elongation Factor (PSEF-1α) in tobacco plants and RNAi response in P. solenopsis Tinsley. The Reverse Transcriptase (RT-PCR) revealed a high throughput expression of 117 bp Hvt, 325 bp ACA Lectin and plants dsRNAs of 152 bp PSCaVα1 and 325 bp PSEF-1α in tobacco used in plant feeding bioassays. The results revealed significant insect mortality 96% PSCaV-α1 and 46% PSEF-1α and several allied phenotypic deformities like stiffing, melanization and shedding of cuticle, arrested growth and reduced fecundity in P. xviii solenopsis Tinsley were consonant with declined expression of targeted genes in insects feeding corresponding dsRNAs duly elaborated by a semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The specificity of dsRNAs 152 bp PSCaV-α1 and 325 bp PSEF-1α dsRNAs derived from P. solenopsis Tinsley and 402 bp Arginine kinase (AK) from A. gossypii Glover was checked through feeding bioassays in non-target insect species like M. persicae Sulzer, H. virescens and S. littoralis. The results revealed non-significant effect of 152 bp PSCaV-α1 and 325 bp PSEF-1α and significant effect of AK in adult aphid in terms of mortality, nymphs produced and survived, larval mortality and dry weight gain in tested insect species. The cumulative results of this study highlighted the significance of PVX vector as valuable genetic tool for preliminary screening and evaluation of candidate insecticidal proteins and RNAi gene constructs. This study will enhance the efforts of biologists in a way to screen the candidate insect genes and design the complementary transgenic crop protection strategies.