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Home > Hinduism, Islam, and Syncretism in 15 to 16 century:Guru Nanak and the emergence of Sikhism as a distinct religion

Hinduism, Islam, and Syncretism in 15 to 16 century:Guru Nanak and the emergence of Sikhism as a distinct religion

Thesis Info

Author

Sadaf Parveen

Supervisor

Ikram ul Haq Al Azhari

Department

Department of Comparative Religions

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

90

Subject

Comparative Religion

Language

English

Other

MS 294.6 SAH

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722498411

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حاجی محمد صالح

حاجی محمد صالح
دوسرا افسوسناک سانحہ۶/مئی کی شام کو محترم حاجی محمد صالح صاحب کی وفات کاپیش آیا۔ صالح صاحب کئی سال سے معذور ہوگئے تھے اورصاحب فراش تھے،یوں بھی عمر طبعی کی سرحد پارکرچکے تھے لیکن چل رہے تھے اوران کے صاحبزادے حاجی خواجہ محمد سلیم صاحب دل وجان سے ان کی خدمت کر رہے تھے۔ اس طویل مدت میں کبھی کبھی حالت نازک بھی ہوجاتی تھی مگرسنبھل جاتے تھے۔ ۶/مئی کی صبح کو آخری سانس لینے لگے اورشام کے ۵بجے ہمیشہ کے لیے رخصت ہوگئے۔ حاجی محمد صالح صاحب اپنی گوناگوں اورغیر معمولی خصوصیات کی وجہ سے دہلی والوں میں ممتاز بلکہ لاجواب تھے اوراپنی ذات سے صحیح معنی میں ایک انجمن تھے۔ اجتماعات اورمجالس کی رونق اورجان۔ سوسائٹی کے ہرطبقے میں مذہب و ملت کے امتیاز کے بغیر مقبول تھے اور قدرو منزلت کی نظر سے دیکھے جاتے تھے۔ان کی فرم ’’حاجی علی جان‘‘نہ صرف دہلی بلکہ پورے ملک کی روایتی فرم تھی، ایک زمانے میں اس کا کاروبار نہایت وسیع تھا،اوردہلی اورحجاز دونوں جگہ بڑے پیمانے پرلین دین ہوتاتھا۔ فرم حاجی علی جان کی امانت ودیانت کاعام شہرہ تھااس فرم میں لاکھوں روپے کی امانتیں رہتی تھیں۔حج کوجانے والے بے جھجک لاکھوں روپے اس فرم کو جمع کراتے تھے اورمکہ معظمہ میں صرف رقعہ دکھا کر رقم لے لیتے تھے۔ یہ کہنا شاید مبالغہ سے پاک ہے کہ فرم حاجی علی جان مسلمانوں کے لیے ریزرو بینک سے بھی زیادہ معتبر ومستند تھی۔ حاجی صاحب مرحوم اس تاریخی فرم کے مالک تھے، قومی اورملی کاموں میں بڑھ چڑھ کرحصہ لیتے تھے۔ ایک وقت میں بڑے بڑے اہم اجتماعات کوٹھی حاجی علی جان ہی میں ہواکرتے تھے۔ حاجی صاحب کے والد محترم حاجی عبدالغفار صاحب جن کی ہم نے بارہا زیارت کی تھی، حکیم محمد اجمل خاں اورڈاکٹر مختار احمد انصاری کے ندیم خاص...

Anatomy & Surgery: A love hate relationship

Introduction: Anatomy is still taught in medical schools as a basis for studying pathophysiology and surgery. Lack of integration of basic and clinical disciplines reduced teaching hours, and poor teaching methodologies have a significant effect on anatomical knowledge and medical education standards. Objectives: To evaluate the perspectives of undergraduate students of MBBS, fresh MBBS graduates, teaching faculty of anatomy, and consultants on the importance and reconstruction of the anatomy curriculum. Materials & Methods: A total of 600 subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. A feedback form was used to collect data regarding time allocation, clinical relevance, integration, and clear viewpoints in basic histology, embryology, and gross anatomy. The form included free text, binomial, and 5-point Likert scale replies. Results: Analysis of the results revealed that all stakeholders universally preferred integrated anatomy teaching throughout the academic years of medical school instead of demanding block during the early two years. According to the study, students experienced inadequacies in their anatomical knowledge when they started their clinical training. Conclusion: This study contributes further to the ongoing discussions in anatomical sciences education by revealing that new doctors believe that anatomical instruction should be prioritized regardless of their career goals.

Development and Evaluation of Cotton Transgenicsfor Improved Fiber Traits

Cotton is the leading fiber crop in the world. For studying the major fiber development specific genes, cDNA libraries were used to establish 1000 ESTs (expressed sequence tags) each from the fast growing fibers of Calotropis procera and Gossypium hirsutum L. Four orthologs of expansins (CpEXPA1, CpEXPA2, CpEXPA3 and CpEXPA4) and four of aquaporins (CpTiP1, CpTiP2, CpPiP1 and CpPiP2) were found to be the most abundantly expressed transcripts in C. procera fiber cells. Cotton fiber ESTs showed two orthologs of expansin, one for aquaporin (GhPiP1) and one transcript for sucrose synthase. The GhPiP1 had 70% amino acid identity to CpPiP1, while no homologue for CpPiP2 was detected in cotton fibers. Real-time PCR data showed that CpPiP2 and CpEXPA3 displayed high abundace of transcripts in C. procera hollow fibers that elongate to more than 45mm. Sucrose synthase transcript was found at its peak in 5-15DPA. The CpPiP2 expression cassette controlled by CaMV 35S promoter was transformed into Nicotiana tabacum, which resulted in highly dense and elongated leaf and stem trichomes. In order to test the individual genes in cotton cv. FH942, the CpEXPA3, CpPiP2 and Susy4 were cloned in pSB219 vector and transformed through Agrobacterium mediated transformation of mechanically incised embryo apices. The ammonium gluphosinate, phosphinothricin selected putative transgenics showed the PCR amplifications uniformly until the six leaf stage. However, at later stages of plant development variability in transgene detection was observed from leaf to leaf, T1 plants showed no respective amplifications. In order to explore the reason for this inconsistency, transformed GUS and GFP expression cassettes showed localized patches for the marker genes. The ChvA and HrCA genes of Agrobacterium genome could not be detected by at any of the plant development stage which excluded the migration of Agrobacterium within the plant tissues. It was inferred that integration of the transgene might have occurred in the somatic cell layers L1 and/or L2 of the embryo apex but not in L3 (germline) cells. It was concluded that direct transformation through apex transformation was not possible as the germline transformants could not be obtained from two thousand and five hundred embryos.