واد ی کاغان دیاں ویکھن یوگ جھیلاں
وادی کاغان نوں جھیلاں دی دھرتی وی آکھیا جا ندا اے ۔ایس وادی وچ کل نوں(۹) وڈیاں چھوٹیاں جھیلاں ہن ۔ہر جھیل اپنی وکھری شناخت تے اہمیت رکھدی اے تے ہر جھیل دے نال کوئی نہ کوئی داستان ضرور موجود اے ۔
آنسو جھیل
ایہہ قدرت دا حسین شاہکار جھیل اے جیویں ناں تو ں پتہ لگدا اے ایس دی شکل اتھرو (آنسو)نال ملدی جلدی اے ۔ایتھے اپڑن دے تن راہ نیں ۔پہلا پیدل راہ مہانڈری براستہ بیاڑی آنسو جھیل جاندا اے ۔ایہہ اک لماں راستہ اے ۔دوسرا راہ پیدل کاغان توں آنسوجھیل تک جا ندا اے ۔ایہہ راستہ وی اک لماں راستہ اے ۔تیجا راہ سیف الملوک توں ہوندا ہویا آنسو جھیل تائیں جاندا اے ۔آنسو جھیل توں منور دریا نکلدا ے ۔ایہہ جھیل بہت زیادہ اچیائی اتے ہوون پاروں سارا سال برف نال ڈھکی رہندی اے ۔برف نال ڈھکی ہوون کارن جھیل بہت سوہنی تے باقی جھیلاں نالوں نویکلی جاپدی اے ۔ایس علاقے وچ آبادی نہیں اے ایس لئی سیلانیاںنوں کھان پین دا ساما ن نال رکھنا چاہیدا اے تے نالے گرم کپڑے وی کیوںجے ایتھے موسم دا کوئی اعتبار نہیں اے کسے ویلے وی بدل سکدا اے ۔
جٹی جھیل
ناراںتوں 5کلومیٹر دور’’ غملا ‘‘ناں دی ایک تھاں اے ۔ایتھے ایہہ جھیل پہاڑ دے پچھوکڑ وچ اے ۔بہت گھٹ لوکاں نوں ایس بارے جانکاری اے ۔ایس جھیل دا قطر لگ بھگ 500مربع میٹر اے ۔ایہہ چھوٹی جیہی پیالہ نما جھیل بالکل خاموش ہے ۔ایس دا پانی گوہڑا ہرا اے تے ایس دے آل دوالے دے کھیتاں وچ آلو کاشت کیتے جا ندے نیں ۔آ ل دوالے دے پہاڑ ایس جھیل دی سندرتا...
Conjunctivitis is a globally prevalent ocular and/eye infection. The basic motivation of the current study may be traced back to the association of conjunctivitis with unhygienic situations and sunlight exposure. The daily routine of farmers, overwhelming poverty, and illiteracy ratio may have further enhanced the incidence ratio of conjunctivitis. The ocular infection and/or conjunctivitis is caused by various pathogens, if not managed properly and appropriately may lead to corneal perforation or blindness. Objective: The study has been designed to find out the prevalence of various pathogenic and allergic conjunctivitis among farmers in the district Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: It was a community-based and cross-sectional descriptive studyfrom October- November 2019. The study involved the quantitative analytical method. Anterior segments of eyes followed by posterior segments were examined by using an ophthalmoscope and torchlight for the diagnosisof conjunctivitis. Data on pathogenic and allergic conjunctiva was collected. Result: Our study indicated that 33(16.5%) farmers were found with the symptoms ascertained with conjunctivitis. Among the studied subjects, 29(14.5%) and 4(2%) farmers were found with bacterial and viral conjunctivitis, respectively. As far as the tendency of seeking medical help and ophthalmic consultation is concerned, 31(15.5%) and 19(9.5%) patients preferred to get examined by an eye specialist and traditional treatment, respectively. However, 150(75%) patients neglected to seek any medical aid. It was found 27 (13.5%), and 55 (27.5%) farmers were using glasses and traditional eye protective measures, respectively. However, almost sixty percent 118(59%) of farmers were not using any type of eye-protective measures. It was found that 59%, 30%, and 11% farmer population was exposed to sunlight for almost six, four, and two hours, respectively on daily basis. Conclusions: The use of prevalent traditional protective measures and lack of treatment or medical aid seeking trendby farmers has been found responsible for the high incidence of bacterial conjunctivitis. Moreover, long working hours and sunlight exposure alongwith the predominant unhygienic conditions may further quadruple the frequency of viral and bacterial conjunctivitis. The high prevalence ratio of conjunctivitis, eye infections, and ocular injuries highlight the need of observing universal eye safety and precautionary measures. Keeping in view the downtrodden economic conditions of the farmers and agriculturalists in the country and the financial repercussions associated with the infection, a state-ownedmedical awareness and relief process must be ensured and encouraged for the Pakistani community.
The challenges accompanying socio-ecological and demographic transformations in the urban areas necessitate for coordinated efforts to ensure urban ecological resilience. Trans-disciplinary analytical construct of urban eco-system services (UES) empowers the policy makers and urban planners to synchronize the orientations of human impacts and resilience of ecological resources in urban areas. The current study provides a systematic overview about the research orientations, approaches and techniques used in the recent studies regarding UES. The study examined: what types of evaluation methods were adopted in the recent UES research? What is their spatial and temporal pattern? What types of UES were focused and environmental components relied upon for the assessment? To address these questions, 116 relevant publications were scrutinized by using a set of assessment criteria. The findings indicated a lesser focus in research towards UES in developing countries as compared to the volume and increasing share of their urban population. The study also establishes that an overwhelming proportion of the UES research was carried out in the industrialized countries of the northern hemisphere but rather skewed towards studying regulatory eco-system services. The recommendations for improving the relevancy of contemporary research for stakeholders were made. The present study deciphers the impacts of urban planning and role of socio-economic determinants on the perception about urban vegetation. The residents inhabiting the planned (Islamabad) and the semi-planned (Rawalpindi) urban centres were the study population. Both urban areas, lying in close proximity, face rapid transformations in LULC due to urbanization. Despite their closeness, such variants as discrepancies in the standards of urban-planning and socio-economic characteristics of inhabitants make them apt study-sites. The inhabitants’ perception was tapped regarding the importance of urban vegetation, temporal and spatial changes and their impacts. The majority concurred to its efficacy, a substantial proportion observed transformations in it over time while a reasonable number perceived these changes as negative and unwelcome. Such socio-economic determinants as location, education, gender, ownership status of residence and income of respondents were studied, deploying Statistical analyses (KW). Responses varied, with location and income weighing-in more heavily. Pairwise comparison (WRST) further vindicated the results. Urbanization is sure to tarnish the environmental sustainability of both cities. Synchronized efforts from all stakeholders are a must. LULC changes transform everything. They test the resilience of natural environment making their study imperative.Such advanced tools as remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) were deployed and assessments made by developing codes in the Google earth engine (GEE). The current investigation used Islamabad and Rawalpindi as contextual settings. These physically close cities are distanced by contradictory policies and management frameworks rendering them as perfect locales for research. Temporal quantitative fluctuations in the selected LULC were observed and shrinkages and expansions noticed according to the varying human needs. Population-growth and migration have, primarily, triggered these transformations. The intrusion of private conglomerates for their business gains, made urbanization unruly.The study reveals how organized land-management policies succeeded in Islamabad and compromised policies failed in Rawalpindi. Effective legislation and compelling implementation are indispensable for sustained urban growth. Urbanization is proving stressful for the supply-demand budget of eco-system Services (ESS) and a real challenge of the present times. It is accelerating in Pakistan and demands enhanced focus on ESS research. Keeping in view the contextual constraints, the land cover-based Matrix Model was relied upon. It linked the LULC types of the study area for assessments of supply and demand potential of ESS by integrating expertbased judgments. The findings established that the built up areas are the principal consumer and ecological resources as producers of ESS in the study context. The degeneration in the performances of ecological infrastructure is more acute in Rawalpindi as compared to Islamabad. The observed variations are rooted in the differences in the socio-demographic aspects planning and management.The findings confirmed that the matrix model is a pragmatic option for assessing the supply-demand potentials of ESS in developing regions.