سیرت طیبہ میں بلدیاتی نظام (میونسپلٹی) اور بنیادی عوامی سہولیات کے خدوخال

This study examines the community services and facilities provided seeking for, (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy of life the in Madinah of State the in guidance in the social development of community by fulfilling the basic needs of citizens in the modern-day. By declaring Medina a first Muslim state, the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) rendered invaluable services for the betterment of his people. He stressed upon providing fundamental rights of the human beings. The focus of this article is to shed light upon the ways of providing the most important needs of the citizens, which have been insured in the state of Madīnah, especially but not limited to those of a Muslim community. Nonetheless, it further elaborates how a civil government can provide the basic infrastructure, development of roads, religion abodes, supplying clean water, and promotion of peace and harmony among the people, and the rights of minorities in the light of Sīrat-e-Ṭayyibah. The method used in this article is descriptive and analytical study of the relevant Aḥādith, and building arguments on it. This study concluded State the in municipality the of foundations the led (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy that of Madīnah, and the basic needs of food, shelter, clean water. It ensured a peaceful society. Moreover, it is suggested that these aspects and teachings of Sīrat should be blazoned widespread to pave the way for social development, peace and harmony.

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers/Ferrite Nano-Composites to Enhance Their Application in Biomedical Field

Multidimensional magnetic cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a co-precipitation method under the effect of three capping agents called sorbitol, tergitol-1x (T-1x) and didecyldimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB). The synthesized cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CFNPs) were functionalized with guar gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG), gum arabic (GA), polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) and were subsequently characterised by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle studies. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) was used for magnetic measurements of the native and polymers-coated CFNPs. The microstructural morphology of the uncoated and polymers-coated CFNPs was established using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. The antibacterial activity of native and coated CFNPs was also tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by using disc diffusion method. Furthermore, the interaction of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with calf-thymus DNA was investigated and characterized by FT-IR. The biocompatibility of naked and coated CFNPs was also examined against normal (CHO) and cancerous (Huh-7) cell lines by performing MTT assay. Finally, the doxorubicin release profile from the drug-loaded functionalised CFNPs in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field was evaluated using UV-visible spectroscopy. The results show that the DDAB is more effective capping agent to control the particle size and dispersion of CFNPs in aqueous medium. Antibacterial activity test and MTT assay exhibited that coated-CFNPs are significantly more biocompatible as compared to native CFNPs. Polymer coating decreased the contact angle of the native CFNPs from 92° to 40°, which indicated that it modified the CFNPs surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. VSM analysis demonstrated that polymers coated cobalt ferrite NPs (CoFe2O4.NPs@polymers) also retained the magnetic characteristics of the bare cobalt ferrite NPs (Ms ∼77.2 emu/g), endorsing their application as promising magnetic nanovectors (MNV). The synthesised drug loaded-polymer coated cobalt ferrite NPs, (CoFe2O4.NPs@polymers-Doxo) exhibited significantly higher controlled discharge of doxorubicin at acidic pH (5.0) than at neutral pH (7.4). In vitro cytotoxic studies confirmed the cytocompatibility mode of coated CFNPs against Chinese Hamster Ovary and Huh-7 cell line, while 0.2 mg.mL1- dose of drug loaded magnetic nanocarriers inhibited the cell viability of Huh-7 up to 60%. These results strongly encourage the utilization of biocompatible magnetic nanocarriers (CoFe2O4.NPs@polymers) in targeted drug delivery territory for doxorubicin.