جوا اور اس کے انسان کی معاشی اور معاشرتی زندگی پر پڑنے والے اثرات اور اسلامی تعلیمات کا مطالعہ

Among the prohibited actions, gambling is on the top. There is definite prohibition  in many verses of the Holy Quran and the hadiths of the prophet. Despite such strict prohibitions by Islam, the gambling has been entered in economy in different shapes. Among the different types of gambling, some  forms are  very  clear, every one considers it wrong,   whereas  some kinds of  gambling are not considered wrong by the peoples. Whatever the name of gambling is, it is illegal and immoral, because changing name doesnot change its reality. Every type of gambling creates destruction in society and economy and brings various evils with it. Gambling  makes man greedy, miser, lover of  money, jealousy, wastage  of time and money. Such evils takes men away from generosity and  worship of Allah, carelesness in his duties and man becomes  immoral and irrespossible. Therefore, in any society where gambling is spread, the concept of peace, love, humanity bacomes  meaning less. As a result, the poor get poorer and the  rich grow richer.

Evaluation of the Role of Ascorbic Acid in Barley under Cadmium Toxicity

The Cd accumulation might result disturbances in plant metabolism causing several physio-biochemical and structural changes ultimately declining the crop productivity. The experiments were conducted in two phases (plant and callus) under different combinations of Cd (control, 100, 500, and 700 μM) without or with AsA (0.0 18 and 200 mg L-1) with four genotypes of barley (Jau-83, Jau-87, Paidar 91 and Haider 93). The results revealed variable Cd accumulation pattern in the both culture systems (seedling and callus). Roots showed higher Cd accumulation as compared to shoot and callus. The lower Cd accumulation of callus than root exhibited less sensitivity of callus to Cd-induced stress. A two phase linear concentration-dependent Cd accumulation pattern was observed in root and shoot whereas in callus Cd accumulated in a linear concentration-dependent fashion with the elevating Cd levels in the both culture media. However, protective effect of AsA on root or shoot and the callus inhibited the Cd accumulation from the both media revealing the possibility of occurrence of the formation of stable AsA-Cd complexes. Higher amounts of H2O2 and MDA caused Cdinduced oxidative stress elevating the activities of antioxidants (CAT and POD) which accelerated the accumulation of solutes disturbing mineral nutrients and water status in the both media. The uneven SOD activity exhibited that differences existed among the genotypes to withstand the Cd toxicity. The application of AsA in combination with the elevating Cd stress showed improvements in the SOD activity indicating that higher SOD activity might modulate the activities of other enzymes and regulate the solutes maintaining water relations under Cd-induced oxidative stress and ultimately the growth in the both culture media. Based on Cd translocation factor and the root STI, and the callus BCF and STI factors, Jau-83 showed more tolerance to Cd toxicity followed by Jau-87 and Paidar 91and Haider 93 to Cd toxicity.