پیر احسان اﷲ شاہ
علمی حلقوں میں یہ خبر غم و افسوس کے ساتھ سنی جائے گی کہ چھندم گوٹ ضلع حیدرآباد سندھ کے مشہور عالم پیر احسان اﷲ شاہ صاحب جو قلمی کتابوں کے بڑے عاشق تھے چوالیس برس کی عمر میں ۱۳؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۳۸ء کو اس دنیا سے چل بسے، مرحوم حدیث و رجال کے بڑے عالم تھے، اور ان کے کتب خانہ میں حدیث و تفسیر و رجال کی نایاب قلمی کتابوں کا بڑا ذخیرہ تھا، ان کے شوق کا یہ عالم تھا کہ مشرق و مغرب مصر و شام و عرب و قسطنطنیہ کے کتب خانوں میں ان کے کاتب اور ناسخ نئی قلمی کتابوں کی نقل پر مامور رہتے تھے، مرحوم ایک خانقاہ کے سجادہ نشین اور طریق سلف کے متبع، اور علم و عمل دونوں میں ممتاز تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم پر اپنے انوار رحمت کی بارش فرمائے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۳۸ء)
Peace has great importance both for the individual and the communal life. Wherever peace turned into unrest, the tendencies of social violence, mental sickness and insecurity start developing amongst the people. Peace and harmony were the hallmark of the reign of the 2nd caliph, Haḍrat ‘Umar. He gave the best governing mechanism to the people of Arab, when they were not fully aware of rules & regulation of government. Though the empire was wide spread, he exercised a great sort of command & control on it. He took the responsibility of providing his subjects their basic needs: Food, Shelter, Education, Peace and Justice. This was not only an ideal system of its time but became the role model for the modern welfare state. Peace and harmony is as important for a state as food & air are for life. Allāh has strongly emphasized in The Holy Qur’ān" on two things i. E., "Disharmony & hunger" which should be eliminated from a society. Haḍrat ‘Umer during his reign of 10 years presented Islām as a religion of peace & harmony, a religion, which respects humanity, peacefully resolves disagreements and curtails misuse of power. He himself possessed the qualities of peace & harmony to an utmost level, which were the traits of our Holy Prophet’s (ﷺ) personality. It is important to follow the Khilāphah of Haḍrat ‘Umar to bring peace & justice in the society.
Environmental stresses are among the most limiting factors to plant productivity. Among these, salinity is one of the biggest problems of Pakistan due to its arid to semi-arid climate. A rapid increase in demand for food due to increasing population, there is need to have salt tolerant crop genotypes in saline land for proper cultivation to meet this increasing demand. To investigate the effect of salinity on plant morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes and role of potassium in alleviating harmful effects of salinity in maize hybrids, two solution culture and one pot experiment were conducted. Initially, 9 maize hybrids were grown for four weeks in solution culture using three salinity levels (control, 50 and 100 mM NaCl). On the basis of biomass accumulation and K+/Na+ ratio, maize hybrids (26204, Hysun 33) and (8441, 33H25) emerged as salt tolerant and salt sensitive respectively. Subsequently, physiology and biochemistry of salt tolerant and salt sensitive maize hybrids were evaluated in solution culture and pot experiment under various levels of potassium and salinity. Results revealed that plant growth, RWC, MSI, chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic parameters of all maize hybrids decreased under salinity stress. But salt tolerant maize hybrids show significantly better plant growth relative to salt sensitive maize hybrids. Addition of potassium significantly alleviates the harmful effects of salinity by improving plant morphological, physiological attributes and enhancing antioxidant enzymes activities. The beneficial effects of potassium were more pronounced in salt tolerant maize hybrids than salt sensitive maize hybrids. Furthermore, salt tolerant and salt sensitive maize hybrids were grown in solution culture under salinity and heavy metal (Cd) stress. The results confirmed that salt tolerant maize hybrid 26204 is also Cd stress tolerant by showing better growth under both stress condition relative to maize hybrid 8441. Keyword: maize hybrid, salinity, potassium, antioxidant enzymes