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Home > Role of judiciary in the protection of human rights by promoting good governance in Pakistan:a critical analysis

Role of judiciary in the protection of human rights by promoting good governance in Pakistan:a critical analysis

Thesis Info

Author

Rabia Busri

Supervisor

Naseem Razi

Department

Faculity of Shariah and Law

Program

LLM

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

98

Subject

Shariah and Law

Language

English

Other

MS 341.481 RAR

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722549722

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کیا توانائی کے بحران کاحل ہمارے بس میں نہیں

کیا توانائی کے بحران کاحل ہمارے بس میں نہیں
اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو عقل سلیم عطا فرمائی ہے اور اشرف مخلوقات بنایا ہے دیگر تمام مخلوقات سے زیادہ عزت و عظمت انسان ہی کو عطا فرمائی ہے۔ وہ اپنے ظاہری حواسِ خمسہ کے ساتھ ساتھ باطنی حواس کو بھی استعمال میں لا کر قابلِ صد افتخار کارہائے نمایاں سرانجام دینے کی قوت لا یموت کا حامل ہے۔ وہ اللہ تعالیٰ کی دی ہوئی عظیم قوت کے باعث نا قابل یقین امور کی انجام دہی میں سرفہرست رہتا ہے۔ اور بڑے بڑے لا ینحل مسائل اپنا حل خود ہی پیش کر دیتے ہیں لیکن عظمِ صمیم اور استقامت جیسی صفاتِ محمود سے متصف ہونا انتہائی ناگزیر ہے۔ جرأت، استقامت، عزم صمیم، یقین کامل اورعمل پیہم جیسی شمشیروں سے مسلح مجاہد جغرافیائی اور نظریاتی سرحدوں کی حفاظت بخوبی سرانجام دے سکتا ہے اور راستے میں آنے والی جملہ رکاوٹیں خس و خاشاک کی طرح ختم ہو جاتی ہیں۔
دو نیم ان کی ٹھوکر سے صحرا و دریا
سمٹ کر پہاڑ ان کی ہیئت سے رائی
توانائی کے بغیر زندگی کی گاڑی کو رواں دواں رکھنا خام خیالی ہے، پلک جھپکنے سے جوئے شیر نکا لنے تک جملہ امور کی انجام دہی کے لیے توانائی جز و لانیفک ہے۔ امور ِخانہ داری سے لے کر امورِمملکت کے نپٹانے تک توانائی کی افادیت سے صرف نظر نہیں کیا جاسکتا۔ توانائی کے بحران کا حل ہمارے پاس کیوں نہیں ہے، ہمارے پاس اس کا حل بدرجہ اتم موجود ہے لیکن توجہ کی ضرورت ہے۔ ہمارامعلم اپنے طالب علم کو اچھی تعلیم وتربیت کے ذریعے اس کی صحیح خطوط پر کتر بیونت کے جذ بے ، اس کو معاشرتی اقدار سے آگاہی کے ذریعے ،اس کو معاشی ضروریات کی تکمیل کے پیش نظر ہدایات کے ذریعے توانائی کے جملہ شعبہ...

Issues of Ethnic Diversity and Just Development in Pakistan with a Special Focus on the Seraiki Ethnic Group

Ethnicity implies the sense of belonging together as the cultural group in a given society. It is a complex combination of racial, cultural and historical characteristics by which people differentiate themselves from other groups. This research envisages the genesis and the evolution of ethnicity as a political concept, the problems of ethnicity in a heterogeneous, multicultural state and the phenomenon of ethno-nationalism in its historical and analytical perspective in the federation of Pakistan with special reference to the status of Seraiki ethnic group. In fact ethnic expressions exist in all multicultural states and distinct ethnic groups evaluate themselves through communal prism. The less privileged groups develop abhorrence against the over – privileged groups due to the persistence of socioeconomic injustices. Factors like the gap between core and periphery, asymmetrical modernization and authoritarian trends lead towards ethnic disruption. Same is the case with Pakistan, a multilingual, multiracial and multiethnic state with federating units reflecting various diversities. The analysis of ethno-nationalism in Pakistan highlights factors, like regional cultural identity, relative deprivation among regions, centralized state structure, denial of accepting regional language as national language, and the absence of democratic values as being the root causes of the Bengali separatism. The assimilationist policies of the government do not acknowledge the regional/ethnic aspirations. Denial of pluralistic approach has been thwarting the demand for provincial autonomy. The nature of ethnic consciousness in the Seraiki belt, analyzed in this article, is found to be nurtured by the perceived socio-economic injustice at intra-provincial level—between the regions of South Punjab and Central and Northern Punjab put together

Optimization of Factors Affecting Biodegradation of Chlorpyrifos in Soil and Water Environments

Chlorpyrifos an insecticide, is extensively used in Pakistan and contaminating the soil and water environments at several sites. Exploration of efficient chlorpyrifos-degrading bacteria to clean-up this toxicant is of immense importance. This study reports the isolation, screening and identification of highly efficient chlorpyrifos degrading bacterial strains from different soils and water samples collected from different sites of Pakistan. Out of total 50 isolated bacterial strains, 32 were tested for their biodegradation capability in a culture medium containing chlorpyrifos as carbon and energy source. The bacterial isolates showed a great variation (25-92%) in their ability to degrade chlorpyrifos in broth condition. Out of these 32 strains, four bacterial strains (SWLC2, SWLH2, SGB2 and SWLC1) were the most promising in their growth and biodegradation activity and were identified and characterized by biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analyses. Three strains (SGB2, SWLC1 and SWLC2) showed the greatest similarity to the members of Enterobacteriacea and one strain (SWLH2) to Rhizobiacea families. These selected strains (Enterobacter sp. SWLC1, Enterobacter sp. SGB2, Agrobacterium sp. SWLH2 and Enterobacter sp. SWLC2) exhibited biodegradation potential between 81 to 92% of the spiked amount of chlorpyrifos (100 mg l -1 ) within 18 days of incubation in broth culture. Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos continued gradually throughout the incubation period (18 days) as examined by the HPLC - UV system. Abiotic degradation contributed only up to 15% of the spiked amount. Maximum biodegradation by the four efficient bacterial strains was observed at an initial pH of 7 and an incubation temperature of 30 o C, under shaking conditions. Among these four strains, Enterobacter sp. SWLC2 was found most efficient in biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and was selected for further studies. This strain was then optimized in broth as well as in soil slurry under different conditions. Enterobacter sp. SWLC2 showed maximum biodegradation of chlorpyrifos at pH 7, 30 o C, under shaking conditions with inoculum size of 800 μl. Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by Enterobacter sp. SWLC2 varied in different textured soils, being more rapid in course textured soils than in fine textured soil. Among these soils, loamy soil was selected for further studies in soil slurry experiments due to its medium textured nature as soils of Punjab are mostly loamy in texture. An initial inoculum size of 800 μl (OD= 0.80), incubation temperature of 30 o C, under shaking, initial pH 7 of soil slurry of loam soil were found optimal conditions for maximum biodegradation of chlorpyrifos byEnterobacter sp. SWLC2. Exogenous application of sugars, yeast extract, manitol, organic acids and amino acids had stimulator or inhibitory effects on biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by Enterobacter sp. SWLC2. Among these, glucose, yeast extract, succinic acid and citric acid had stimulatory effects on biodegradation of chlorpyrifos. Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by Enterobacter sp. SWLC2 was also checked at different initial concentrations of chlorpyrifos from 10-250 mg l -1 . Rate of biodegradation increased with increase in concentration of chlorpyrifos from 100-150 mg l -1 and suggested first order rate kinetics. In all experiments, utilization of chlorpyrifos by the strains was accompanied by a parallel increase in optical densities of broth implying that removal of this pesticide from the growth medium was a growth linked biodegradation. These results highlighted the potential of this bacterium to be used in the detoxification strategies of chlorpyrifos contaminated water and soil environments.