انسانی زندگی میں جنات کے اثرات

Among different creations of Allāh, Jinnāt have their own independent existence. By essence, they neither belong to the human race nor to the angelic world. One commonality between Jinnāt and human beings is that they both are provided with consciousness and can practice their own free-will in terms of choosing what is right and what is wrong, while angles are deprived of this ability. Jinnāt are mentioned in numerous places in the Qur’ān and the Aḥādīth of the Prophet SAW, so much so that it would be unreasonable to deny their existence. Henceforth, the scholars from every period of time have acknowledged their existence and it wouldn’t be wrong to claim that they all share almost similar views on them. Likewise, every Muslim group acknowledged their existence with the exception of Jahmīyah and Mu‘tazilah. As far as Jews and Christians are concerned, they too like Muslims believe in the existence of Jinnāt. To summarize, it is proven by means of multiplicity (Tawātur) of report from all the Prophets and Messengers and therefore, every follower of the heavenly religion has some sort of belief in the existence of Jinnāt. As far as their influence on the human beings is concerned, there are three major views prevailing among Muslims.  There are those who completely deny their existence and therefore, do not in anyway acknowledge their influence on human life. Then there are those who do believe in their existence but are of the opinion that they remain aloof from human beings and therefore, have no influence on the human life. The third opinion which is the opinion of the majority of the scholars is that not only Jinnāt exist but they have the power to influence and affect human beings as well. In this treatise, the opinion of the proponents of the third view is analyzed and their evidences from Qur’ān and Sunnah are discussed.

Relationship of Job Characteristics on Employees Psychological Work Reaction: Evidence from the Universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

This study was conducted to examine the direct effect of job characteristics on job satisfaction, job commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and the intervening influence of organizational job commitment and job satisfaction in a relationship with job characteristics and OCB. This study was quantitative in nature and the population comprised of faculty members of public and private universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. In public sector universities overall 316 questionnaires were distributed amid faculty members and 290 usable questionnaires were returned the response 92% and amid the faculty members of private universities total 168 questionnaires were distributed and 162 questionnaires were returned, the response was 96%. The data was analysed using SPSS, LISREL and AMOS software. In order to accomplished study objectives EFA, CFA and Regression analyses were run. Based on the statistical consequences the findings of the study reveals that a) job characteristic, job satisfaction and job commitment are the significant predictor of OCB whereas, job satisfaction and job commitment significantly mediates in the relationship amid job characteristics and OCB. Study recommended that the experts of the universities appropriately supervise, train and manage the human resource of organization and consistently observe the individual performance in order to strengthen their profession goals. Moreover, the universities experts conduct the survey upon the faculty members of both public sector universities and ask employees what they want more in their positions and make sure the universities have a formal and consistent orientation program for all levels. Future research areas and limitations are also incorporate in the study. The study has value and it is original.