اسلامی ریاست میں سیاسی انتظامیہ کا تصور احتساب اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں

This research presents an overview of the principle of accountability of the executive in an Islamic state. The existence and survival of any state is not sustainable without process of accountability as per the law of the land and the provision of the constitution. The elite class was exempted from any sort of accountability and treated above the law in pre-Islamic period whereas man in the street was dealt with strict compliance of rules and regulations. This paper has provided strong evidence from the perspective of historical research that the executive in the Islamic state has not been exempted from the process of transparent of accountability. Moreover, this article also builds up strong argument in light of Quran and Sunnah as well as line of action adopted by orthodox caliphs. It also highlights various incidents of accountability and legal precedence that occurred during Khilafat e Rashda and post era as well.

Impact of Credit Appraisal Clients Training Collection Policy on Repayment Performance of Micro Finance Clients in Lahore

There has been tremendous growth in microfinance institutions over the number of years. Microfinance Institutions depends a lot on the repayment of loans for getting funds in the future. Unfortunately, the characteristics or a factor of microfinance institution that affects the repayment performance and lead to default is underexplored area of study. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of credit appraisal, client training and collection policy on repayment performance of microfinance clients in Lahore. In this regard a total number of 310 borrowers was observed as a sample from the microfinance population. To select the microfinance institution for data collection the snowball sampling technique was used. Questionnaires were distributed among 310 microfinance clients. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study proclaimed that credit appraisal, client training and collection policy was positively associated with repayment performance of microfinance clients. In order to avoid the problems of repayment, the relationship between the client and lender should be monitored through advisers or in meetings. Lender could also give rewards to the clients who pay the payment on the decided time.