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Modeling the nexus of financial development, trade openness and economic growth in Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Rameez Malik

Supervisor

Muhammad Akber

Department

Department of Mathematics and Statistics

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

iii, 50

Subject

Media and Communication Studies

Language

English

Other

MS 510 RAM

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722572859

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اردو تنقید کے بنیاد گزار (پروفیسر احتشام حسین)

اردو تنقید کے بنیاد گزار(پروفیسر احتشام حسین)
جس طرح اردو تنقید میں مولانا حالی ، شبلی نعمانی مشہور ہوئے اسی طرح ان کے بعد تیسری اہم شخصیت پروفیسر احتشام حسین ہیں۔مولانا حالی نے مغربی علماء کی کتابیں پڑھ کر ان تصورات کو ذہن میں رکھ کر اردو تنقید کی شیرازہ بندی کی۔احتشام حسین ترقی پسند تحریک سے وابستہ تھے۔انہوں نے اس تحریک کے اصولوں کو سامنے رکھا اور انہوں نے نا صرف ترقی پسندوں کے نظریات و خیالات کومدنظر رکھا بلکہ مارکسی ،سماجی اور ترقی پسند تحریک کے اصولوں کو سامنے رکھا۔
۱۹۳۶ء تا ۱۹۷۲ء کے ادبی تنقیدی منظر نامے پر نظر ڈالی جائے تو نظریاتی تنقید کو پروان چڑھانے میں جن لوگوں کا حصہ ہے ان میں سب سے نمایاں نام سید احتشام حسین کا ہے۔ ان کا تنقیدی نظریہ "نظریاتی تنقید" کے نام سے مشہور ہوا۔ تنقید کے حوالے سے جب ہم بات کرتے ہیں تو یہ بات سامنے آتی ہے کہ نقاد کو فطری اور سماجی علوم، انسانی تمدن کی تاریخ، زبان کی پیدائش اور نشوونما کی تاریخ کا مطالعہ کیے بغیر تنقید کے میدان میں قدم نہیں رکھنا چاہیے ورنہ وہ اس دشوار گزار منزل سے نہ گزر سکے گا۔
اردو میں نظریاتی تنقید کے حوالے سے جو کام ہوا ہے اس میں ترقی پسند تحریک کی جو بنیا د قائم ہوئی اس پر ترقی پسند نقادوں نے عمارت قائم کی اور احتشام حسین نے انہی اصولوں کو مدنظر رکھ کر کام کیا۔یہ سچ ہے کہ احتشام حسین نے اپنی تنقید نگاری میں مارکسزم سے استفادہ کیا مگر ساتھ ہی انہوں نے دوسرے مغربی نقادوں کے تصورات سے فائدہ اٹھایا۔ان کا خیال ہے کہ اگر تنقید محض عملی کام ہے اور محض تاثرات کا بیان نہیں ہے تو ان تمام جدید علوم سے کام لینا ہوگا جن سے زندگی اور ادب کو سمجھا...

An Analysis of Islamic Economic Model

The aim of this paper is to discuss some economic Islamic models given by some prestigious Islamic economists. The Islamic model is one of the examples for international economies in the starting of new millennium. It has its evaluation in the 1970s as an alternate to conventional banking system. The model is based on profit loss sharing and would not be based on interest. The study will focus on the proposed model and will discuss the issues that the model will be supposed to address. It was also address whether the model is applicable to Pakistan economy or not it will also be discussed. As we know that there is dual banking system in Pakistan. In order to make banking system to be truly Islam, there should be legal prohibition of riba. In other words, riba should be made unlawful and whoever deals with it can be prosecuted by law. By prohibiting riba, it will force the bank to be more creative in offering financing products rather than just loaning money. The study will attempt to show the comparison between conventional system and Islamic financial and discusses whether the Islamic system works smoothly on the economy of Pakistan. It also shows that Pakistan should change its dual banking system in Islamic banking system to change structure change. In addition, Islamic financing contract require real activities to be created. There will not be loans to finance extravagance lifestyle which is the source of bankruptcies among the younger generation. It is strongly recommended that Pakistan should enforce truly Islamic financial system to sustain its economy and avoid another economic crisis in the future.

Universal Versus Selective Risk Factor-Based Screening Strategy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Gestational hyperglycaemia is associated with a higher incidence of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes than is seen in normal pregnancy. Untreated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has an increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Morbidity related to macrosomia includes shoulder dystocia with birth injury and perinatal asphyxia in the fetus. In the mother, macrosomia is a risk factor for genital tract injury, obstructed labour, uterine atony and increased risk of Caesarean section. Long term sequelae in the baby include obesity, development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, intellectual and neurological developmental problems. For the mother, GDM is a very strong risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes later in life. Published studies show that after GDM, 35-60% of women develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years. Therefore it is prudent that gestational diabetes is diagnosed and appropriate treatment and monitoring instituted. Screening is an important component of the diagnostic process. Objectives: To compare detection rates of the universal to the selective risk factor-based screening strategy for gestational diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study involving 185 participants consecutively recruited at or less than 28 weeks gestation . All participants had their risk factors for gestational diabetes identified and recorded at the beginning of the study then underwent the 50g oral glucose challenge screening test. Detection rates and prevalence of universal and selective strategies were calculated and compared. An exploratory analysis of risk factors was also done. Results: The Prevalence of an abnormal screening test in the sample with risk factors was 12.0% (95% CI: 6.0%, 17.9%) and in the sample without risk factors it was 19.1% (95% CI: 9.5%, 28.7%). Conclusion: Overlap of confidence intervals indicates no evidence of a difference between the screening strategies. However despite the non-significant, higher detection rates by the universal strategy, clinical practice safety demands that as many cases of gestational diabetes as possible are detected because of adverse clinical correlates hence justifying universal screening.