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The constraints to acceptance and adoption of internet banking in Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Atifa Yousaf

Supervisor

Wasim Ullah

Department

Department of Technology Management

Program

MBA

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

iii,49

Subject

Technology Management

Language

English

Other

MA/MSc 658 ATC

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722582271

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مولوی محمد مسعود خاں

مولوی محمد مسعود خاں
افسوس ہے کہ ۳؍ جولائی ۲۰۰۲؁ء کو مشہور قومی کارکن مولوی محمد مسعود خاں ایک سڑک حادثے میں دہلی میں وفات پاگئے، وہ ایک دین دار گھرانے کے فرد تھے، ان کے بڑے بھائی مولانا محمد سعید خاں شبلی نیشنل اسکول میں ہڈ مولوی اور سلسلۂ نقشبندیہ مجددیہ کے شیخ طریقت تھے، جن کی ذات سے لوگوں کو بڑا فیض پہنچا، مسعود خاں صاحب نے شروع میں دینی تعلیم حاصل کی، پھر بی۔اے ایل ایل بی کر کے اعظم گڑھ کی کلکٹری کچہری میں وکالت شروع کی۔
قوم و ملت کی خدمت کی جانب ان کا طبعی میلان تھا، اس لیے وکالت کے ساتھ اپنے جدید وطن منگراواں کے مکتب کو عربی مدرسہ کی شکل دے دی، ہر سال گرمیوں میں اس کے جلسے کراتے جن میں جمعیۃ علمائے ہند کے جنرل سکریٹری مولانا محمد حفظ الرحمن سیوہارویؒ بھی تشریف لاتے تھے۔
جمعیۃ علما سے تعلق کے باوجود وہ کانگریس سے اس کے متعصبانہ اور مسلم دشمن رویے کی بنا پر سخت بیزار تھے، اس لیے مسلم مجلس میں شامل ہوگئے تھے، لیکن ڈاکٹر عبدالجلیل فریدی کے انتقال کے بعد اس کے حصے بخرے ہوگئے، تو انہوں نے چودہری چرن سنگھ کی پارٹی کا انتخاب کرلیا اور وفات تک اسی کے ساتھ تھے، اس وقت لوک دل (اجیت) کی ریاستی شاخ کے صدر تھے، ان میں بڑی تنظیمی صلاحیت تھی اور وہ ایک ایمان دار اور عملی آدمی تھے، اس کی وجہ سے پارٹی میں ان کا وزن تسلیم کیا جاتا تھا، اس کے ٹکٹ پر وہ کئی بار یو۔پی اسمبلی کے ممبر منتخب ہوئے، پھر راجیہ سبھا کے ممبر ہوئے، اس وقت بھی یو پی کونسل کے ممبر تھے۔
۱۹۷۷؁ء میں مسٹر رام نریش یادو کی سربراہی میں اترپردیش میں جنتا پارٹی کی حکومت بنی تو مسعود خاں پی۔ڈبلو۔ڈی منسٹر ہوئے اور...

The Impact of Lane Discipline on Speed and Time Headway

Lane discipline has a major impact on traffic density, speed, and time headway. In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) centre lane marking is used to enforced lane discipline.  Traffic congestion mitigated with three dimensional lane marking as the speed and headway increased. The Camlytics is used to observed the egress and ingress time. The statistics analysis noticed an increase in speed and headway after 3D lane marking. Gamma and Lognormal distributions are found the best fit for speed before and after 3D marking, respectively. Normal and Weibull distributions are the best fit for headway in the absence and presence of 3D lane markings, respectively. These distributions can be used for traffic flow characterization. This study recommends strictly enforcement of lane discipline to counter traffic congestion. 

Production of Ethanol from Molasses Using Thermotolerant Kluyveromyces Marxianus

This study shows that strain of thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus was used for the production of ethanol and invertase (fructofuranosiadse, Ffase). This strain (D-67283) was collected from Shakkar Gunj Sugar Mills, Jhang, selected through Gamma rays on 1.5 % (w/v) deoxy-Dglucose (DG) in liquid medium after growth at 60 °C for 5 days and designated as K. marxianus M15. The selected mutant strain produced maximum ethanol and Ffase at 48 h of cultivation on different substrates including glucose, sucrose, and molasses each at 10, 12, 15 and 17% total sugars in 23 L fermentor (working volume 15 L). Optimized studies on different carbon sources displayed that product formation rate (Qp) was greater on glucose- followed by molasses- medium but was found to be lower on sucrose medium. Product yield (Yp/s) and specific product yield (Yp/x) were also significantly higher on glucose (15%) whereas found as lower on sucrose medium. Specific product formation rate (qp) was also recorded higher on glucose medium and remained lower on sucrose medium. Nitrogen sources like ammonium sulphate, corn steep liquor (CSL), and urea were added to the growth medium to enhance growth and ethanol formation. All these sources were used at the rate to contain 0.11, 0.16 and 0.21 % nitrogen in the growth medium. The best results were observed for fermentation kinetic parameters of growth and product formation by ammonium sulphate using 0.75% (w/v). In further studies, temperature of fermentation was optimized for maximum ethanol production, and substrate utilization, for both wild and mutant strains of K. marxianus. For this purpose, they were grown at different temperatures ranging from 20- 65 oC. The study further revealed that maximum ethanol production on molasses medium supplemented with ammonium sulphate was used 0.75% at pH 5.5 after 48 h at 40 oC. xx Effect of various agitation rates from 250-450 rpm on production of ethanol by K. marxianus cells was carried out and the maximum amount of ethanol produced on the sugar based used was more than 89.96 %. Further increase in agitation intensity did not increase ethanol production in both organisms. Hence, agitation rate of 300 rpm was optimized. The production of ethanol is an anaerobic fermentation process; therefore supply of oxygen to the yeast culture is of great importance as it is needed to support an initial amount of cell mass for maximum ethanol production. At a constant rate of oxygen supply, agitation rate supports uniform distribution of cells and maintain a constant temperature by uniformly stirring the media to dissipate excess heat. Effect of supplying air to the fermentor at different aeration rates (0.25 - 1.5 LL-1min-1) on ethanol fermentation, amount of ethanol produced was 72.5-74.8 gL-1 when the aeration rate was kept at 1.0 LL-1min-1 for 8 h and then between 0.25 - 0.50 LL-1min-1. Further increase in aeration rate, resulted in lower production of ethanol and greater amount of cell mass in the fermented broth but up to a certain extent. The maximum amount of ethanol (75 gL-1) produced when the aeration rate was kept at 0.30 LL -1min-1. Maximum ethanol specific or volumetric productivity increased with the increased temperature up to 40 oC and 45 °C in the case of wild and mutant respectively. The activation enthalpy for ethanol formation (DH* = 55.6 KJ/mol) pathway was lower than that for phytase production ((DH*70-80 KJ mol-1).The estimated values of enthalpy of Ffase formation (13.1 kJ mo-1l) network was lower as compared with the product inactivation (12.0 kJ mol-1 ) network. This usually happens in the case of thermotolerant organisms as reported earlier. Over all these studies revealed that mutant strain acquired significantly better changes in the genetic make up and qualifies for its evaluation at industrial scale ethanol production.