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Integral methods for boundry layer flow over non-flat surface

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Awais

Supervisor

Ahmer Mehmood

Department

Department of Mathematics & Statistics

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

iv, 41

Subject

Media and Communication Studies

Language

English

Other

MS 532.051 MUI

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722591070

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کبوتر، گدھ تے سَپ دی دوستی

کبوتر، گدھ تے سَپ دی دوستی

کسے جنگل وچ کبوتر تے کبوتری اک درخت اتے آہلنا پے کے رہندے سن۔ دونویں بہت خوش سن۔ کسے وی قسم دا اوہناں نوں فکر نہ سی۔ جنگل وچوں اوہ دانہ چگدے تے آرام نال زندگی گزار رہے سن۔ حالانکہ اوتھے کئی ہور پرندے تے جانور وی رہندے سن۔ پر ایہناں دا کسے نال کوئی میل جول نہ سی۔ اک دن کبوتری نے کبوتر نوں آکھیا کہ ساہنوں ایتھے رہندے کئی سال ہو گئے ساڈا کوئی دوست نئیں۔ تسی نال دے درخت اتے رہ رہے گدھ نال دوستی کرلو تاں جے کدے ساہنوں اوہناں دی مدد دی لوڑ پوے یاں اوہناں نوں ساڈی مدد دی لوڑ پوے تاں اک دوجے دی مدد کر سکیے۔ کبوتر نوں کبوتری دی اک گل پسند آئی تے اگلے دن اوہ دوستی دا پیغام لے کے گدھ دے گھر گیا تے اوس دے سامنے ساری رکھی۔ گدھ نے کبوتر دی گل نال اتفاق کیتا۔ دوست بنن مگروں کبوتر نے گھر آ کے ساری گل کبوتری نوں دسی تے اوہ سن کے بہت خوش ہوئی۔

کجھ دناں پچھوں کبوتری نے کبوتر نوں سپ نال دوستی لاون لئی گھلیا جو نالے والے درخت دی جڑاں وچ رہندا سی۔ اوس نال دوستی توں بعد اوہ دونویں بے فکر ہو گئے۔ کبوتر، گدھ تے سپ کدے کدے اک دوجے دے گھر جاندے، خیر خیریت پچھدے تے اپنے گھر واپس آ جاندے۔ انج اوہناں دی زندگی بہت چنگی لنگھ رہی سی۔

اک رات انج ہویا کہ جنگل وچ کجھ شکاری آئے۔ رات ہوون پاروں اوہ جنگل توں باہر جاون دا رستہ بھل گئے۔ اوہناں رات جنگل وچ ٹھہرن دا فیصلہ کیتا تے ڈیرے اوس درخت لائے جتھے کبوتر دا آہلنا سی۔ رات دے ہنیرے توں بچن لئی اوہناں سکے پتے تے ٹہنیاں...

Robustness of the Poverty Measures: Evidence from Farm Households in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The use of a plethora of poverty indexes is sometimes fraught with difficulties. The purpose of this research was to quantitatively assess poverty and to examine the robustness of the poverty metrics. Selecting representative farm homes required a multistage sample technique, which was implemented. A total of 150 rural homes were surveyed using questionnaires. Stochastic dominance and the weighted poverty measures of Foster, Greer and Thorbecke were used in this work to examine the weighted poverty measures' resilience and sensitivity to changes in the poverty line. According to the findings, as people become older and their families get larger, the likelihood, severity, and depth of poverty increases. An asymptotic sampling distribution was utilized to infer whether poverty was larger across a variety of hypothetical poverty lines by stochastic dominance analysis. First-order stochastic dominance was found, with the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of households headed by people over 60 years old lying totally above the other distribution functions (CDFs). The CDF of single families was lower than the CDF of married households, according to the findings. At any poverty level, the CDF of families with more than 10 household members stochastically dominated those with fewer family members. Many households will be lifted out of poverty if poverty-reduction initiatives are targeted at those over 60 and those with big families.

Economics of Social Protection in Framework of Fiscal Policy: A Case Study of Pakistan

This dissertation covers the economics of social protection in the framework of fiscal policy in a couple of ways. It investigates the international and Pakistan scenario with respect to social protection to cure poverty. Social protection is a phenomenon that contains different policies and programs to mitigate poverty and vulnerability. The study contains different research questions like, how are structural and institutional features integrally related to the provision of social protection? Is it significant to mitigate poverty in the respective regions? It is also reviewed that social assistance, insurance and promotion of social rights represent social protection, where the objectives are to: protect, prevent, promote and transform the societies into economic power. Social protection is necessary to obtain better socio-economic status for which institutions of the country need to work efficiently. To explain the need and importance of fiscal space for social protection channels, five different emerging economies which are considered as a part of this dissertation. The study suggests an increase in tax revenue, reallocation of public spending, and debt reduction to generate fiscal space. A substantial level of government spending is evaluated for social protection programs in a global prospect. Rank and regression analysis is done to develop the results. A World Welfare Index (WWI) is generated by accommodating different social welfare indicators to measure the impact of social protection expenditures. Rank position of each country differs from rank to rank which indicate that these does not emphasize equally, on structural, institutional and welfare indicators. In the regression analysis, most of the structural and institutional variables are significant and justify the economic theory. Robustness check also proves the regression results. It is concluded that structural, institutional and welfare features are helpful to get a comprehensive view of the concerned economies. At a disaggregate level, rank and regression analysis was used across all the four provinces of Pakistan. The results of provincial analysis were similar to results as of the international level, which means that no province stands equally at high or low level in all the three ranks. Regression analysis proved that structural and institutional features are significant for provision of social protection and welfare standards in Pakistan. Finally, the role of social protection (education, health, social transfers and subsidies) is evaluated in the process of poverty reduction. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to identify the short-run and long-run relation between the social protection and poverty and was found that the outreach of social protection via government expenditures on education, foreign aid and zakat play a significant role in poverty reduction in Pakistan.