106. Al-Quraysh/The (Tribe of) Quraysh
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
106:01
a. In gratitude for safeguarding the Tribe of Quraysh,
106:02
a. and for their security of annual trade journey of winter to Yemen and of summer to Palestine-Syria, on which their prosperity depended,
106:03
a. they should submit in awe and worship to Rabb - The Lord of this House of Ka’bah,
106:04
a. for HE is The One WHO provides them with food against impoverishment, and
b. gives them peace and security against fear/danger.
This report is principally intended to ascertain out the result of the lunar calendar with special focus on the holy month of Ramadan on the operation of Islamic mutual funds in Pakistan. Economic activity in Pakistan demands a different turn due to observation of fast and short working hours in the country in the month of Ramadan. This work utilizes the logit model to investigate the impact of lunar calendar generally and the holy month of Ramadan, specifically along the net asset values of the mutual fund. This study confirms lower expected growth of net asset value in the month of Ramadan and the other stages of the religious sentiment. Economic activity regains pace after Ramadan and Zulhajjah as evident from the probable increase of net asset value of the Islamic mutual funds in the month of Shawwal & Moharram following months of the Ramadan and Zulhajjah respectively.
In the early years of Pakistan, Pakistan Muslim League, kept the opposition parties away from power through using government funds to defame the opposition. The general elections were avoided on the adult franchise basis till 1970. The basis of the parliamentary democracy was shattered by the party or parties in the government. The 1970 elections on the adult franchise basis, for the first time in the history of Pakistan, gave voice and public strength to the tinny elected opposition in the parliament, to participate actively in the constitution-making of Pakistan and general legislation in the interest of common man. This Ph.D. level research was conducted to ascertain whether the opposition played a vital role in the constitution-making of Pakistan while sitting on the opposition benches of the National Assembly of Pakistan and the Senate of Pakistan by addressing the constitutional, social, political, economic and religious issues concerning the people of Pakistan. The study was conducted in the main framework of the parliamentary democracy followed by the opposition in and outside the parliament. This dissertation has elaborated the role played by the opposition benches in the Interim Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan during 1972, Constitutional Accord of 1972, the 1973 original Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, basic and main amendments presented by the government benches and has critically analyzed the legislation over constitutional, social, political, economic and religious issues within the debates of the legislature. Despite hurdles, pressures, and constraints, the opposition in Pakistan during 1972-1977 showed insight and has constantly set precedents of sacrifice for national causes, especially in the political and constitutional issues. The study is very useful for all the parliamentarians and especially for the opposition benches in Pakistan and outside as well.