Technical Terms Used in General English Textbooks Across Disciplines

The study aimed to analyze lexical items underpinned in the textbooks used in the current teaching of ESP and GE. Using content analysis, a systematic evaluation of texts to examine nuances to bridge the gap between quantitative and qualitative data. This was such of importance, however, difficult to study due to issues of interest like in the study, frequency of lexical items in ESP, and GE textbooks. Results found 13,713 lexical items in Hospitality Management, 17,561 in Criminology, 4576 in Tourism, 7167 in Marine Engineering, and 512 in Information Technology. Furthermore, the overall percentage of ESP lexical items fell in Tier 2 (with multiple-meaning while the least was in Tier 3, specifically on context-specific vocabulary. It is the core of vocabulary learning to ensure English language teaching. It is its goal to help learners better understand language, allowing them to understand others as they want to express themselves as well. This applies not only in speaking but also in writing and reading. Wilkins (1972, p. 111-112) stated that without grammar very little understanding can be acquired and without vocabulary there can be no learning at all. Thus, even without good grammar, so long as you equipped with useful words and expression, one can still manage to communicate. Lewis (1993) argued that “lexis is the heart of language” and that it develops a better fluency and expression in English. He also added the significance to the learners of acquiring a more productive vocabulary knowledge, also, their eagerness to develop their own personal vocabulary strategies. Thus, a proposed bridge model program was recommended to highlight the study findings using the lexicons found from the different respective courses.

Numerical Solution of Boundary-Value and Initial-Boundary-Value Problems Using Spline Functions

The following two types of problems in differential equations are investigated: (i) Second and sixth-order linear and nonlinear boundary-value problems in ordinary differential equations using non-polynomial spline functions. (ii) One dimensional nonlinear Initial-boundary-value problems in partial differential equations using B-spline collocation method. Polynomial splines, non-polynomial splines and B-splines are introduced. Some well known results and preliminary discussion about convergence analysis of boundary-value problems and stability theory are described. Quartic non-polynomial spline functions are used to develop numerical methods for computing approximations to the solution of linear, nonlinear and system of second- order boundary-value problems and singularly perturbed boundary-value problems. Convergence analysis of the method is discussed. Numerical methods for computing approximations to the solution of linear and nonlinear sixth-order boundary-value problems with two-point boundary conditions are developed using septic non-polynomial splines. Second-, Fourth- and Sixth-order convergence is obtained. Numerical method based on collocation method using quartic B-spline functions for the numerical solution of one-dimensional modified equal width (MEW) wave equation is developed. The scheme is shown to be unconditionally stable using Von-Neumann approach. Propagation of a single wave, interaction of two waves and Maxwellian initial condition are discussed. Algorithms based on quartic and Quintic B-spline collocation methods are designed for the numerical solution of the modified regularized long wave (MRLW) equation. Stability analysis is performed. Propagation of a solitary wave, interaction of multiple solitary waves, and generation of train of solitary waves are also investigated. Quartic and quintic B-spline functions have been used to develop collocation methods for the numerical solution of Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation. Also, using splitting technique, the equation is reduced to a problem of second order in space. Using error norms L2 and L∞ and conservative properties of mass, momentum and energy, accuracy and efficiency of the suggested methods is established through comparison with the existing numerical techniques. Performance of the algorithms is tested through application of the methods on benchmark problems.