The Third Party Involvement in Resolving River Water Disputes between Pakistan and India

Water and related issues are gaining importance in the present world politics. It is believed that water would be the source of some major future conflicts in many regions including South Asia. Water distribution between Pakistan and India has become a serious political issue since independence. The problem has its roots in the partition of the Indian Subcontinent in 1947. Although the issue was resolved amicably by the two states in 1960 and a treaty was signed, even then number of other issues developed after the treaty. One of the important aspects of the settlement route was the Indian refusal and Pakistan’s insistence on the presence and participation of any third neutral party. Despite the Indian policy of bilateralism on many regional issues, water disputes and resolution remained a classical example of multilateralism, where at least on four major occasions the settlements were reached with the involvement of a third neutral party.

Role of Psycho social Factors in Taliban Ideology Development: A Qualitative Approach

The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of psychosocial factors in development of the Taliban ideology. This study by nature was the qualitative and applied methodology is grounded theory. Data collection sources were secondary. Major sampling in this research was the books, journal, articles and previous researches. For data management, organization, coding and analysis use qualitative analysis software Atlas ti. Data was collected to different libraries and to internet that online free was available. There in study phenomenon many role playing factors, categorized these factors on the base of the elements effectiveness. Coding frequencies of the main categories subcategories intensified the contribution of all factors and declared more highly influencing main category of the factor is psychological its (f = 1173 ) and subsequent is religious factor class (f = 923). Current study consequences explained third most participating element is state sponsors (f = 257). Then respectively contributing factors are cultural, regional in stabilizing factors, Alliances/ globalization, historical and political all these participating in the ideology of Taliban. Findings of this research can be very beneficial for eradicate the Talibanization to south Asia. This qualitative methodology approach attempted to develop a psycho social theory of Taliban ideology development.