شاہ مصطفی احمد ردولوی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ ایک بڑی محترم شخصیت شاہ مصطفی احمد صاحب ردولوی نے انتقال کیا۔ گو ان کو پبلک میں کوئی شہرت حاصل نہیں تھی، لیکن ان کی زندگی مسلمانوں کے لیے نمونہ تھی۔ وہ حضرت مخدوم احمد عبدالحق ردولوی قدس سرہ کی اولاد میں تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ نے ان کو دین و دنیا دونوں سے نوازا تھا۔ وہ علی گڑھ کالج کے پرانے تعلیم یافتہ تھے۔ اکاؤنٹسی کی تعلیم کے سلسلہ میں ان کا قیام لندن میں بھی رہا تھا، مگر بڑے راسخ العقیدہ اور دیندار مسلمان تھے، تہجد کی نماز تک کبھی ناغہ نہ ہوئی، لندن کے قیام کے زمانہ میں بھی روزے نماز کی پابندی میں فرق نہیں آیا، اس زمانہ میں جب تک ذبیحہ کے متعلق پورا اطمینان نہ ہوجاتا تھا گوشت نہ کھاتے تھے، سبزی اور انڈے پر قناعت کرتے تھے، پہلی جنگ عظیم چھڑنے کے بعد ایمڈن جہاز سے واپس آرہے تھے جس کو جرمنی نے تارپیڈو کردیا تھا، اس کے جو مسافر بچ گئے تھے، ان میں ایک شاہ صاحب بھی تھے، انھوں نے کل سامان چھوڑ کر صرف کلام مجید ساتھ لے لیا تھا۔
انھوں نے معمولی حیثیت سے ترقی کی اور بڑی دولت پیدا کی اور اسی فیاضی سے اس کو مذہبی و ملی کاموں اور غرباء و مساکین پر صرف کیا، ان کے در سے کوئی مستحق واپس نہ جاتا تھا، اہم کاموں کے لئے بڑی رقمیں دے دیتے تھے، خواجہ کمال الدین مرحوم کو کلام مجید کے جرمن ترجمے کے لیے دس ہزار روپے دیئے تھے، تحریک خلافت کے زمانہ میں خلافت کمیٹی اور اس کے لیڈروں کی بھی مدد کرتے رہتے تھے، اس زمانہ میں ترکوں کی مدد کے لیے ہندوستان میں جو انگورہ لیجن قائم ہوا تھا، اس کے پرجوش رکن تھے، مسلم یونیورسٹی سے پرانا تعلق تھا،...
Islamic concept about Jihad is very different as what is interpreted by the western scholars. This Jihad is not only the name of giving just his own life but to a specific purpose, which is only to create peace and to prevent cruelty and injustice in the society. There are several verses of Quran and Hadith, which explore this concept, but Islam also regulates the rules and regulation for this. To explain the misconception about Jihad, some points have been explored in this research article to guide the people effectively that how jihad should be conducted, while other activities named as “jihad” and an activist intending to take part in such activities might not be counted as a “martyr”. So the important points to be kept in mind are: · In Islam the martyr has a very great value, but in specific terms. · Martyr in Islam is not simply means of giving life. · There are some rules and regulations that must to be followed, i. E., a person must be a Muslim and his intention is only for Allah, and not for his worldly desires, and he follow the rules what Islam justified for the war. · His jihad will not be accepted without the permission of his parents or if he dies in the state of sin etc. · Islam does not allow killing innocent persons, Muslims or non-Muslims, without caring the color and caste, if he does so he would be answerable to Allah.
The heterocyclic molecules have greatly influenced the pharmaceutical industries due to their bioactivity potential. The discovery of new drug candidates has been the burning issue of all the times owing to new emerging diseases. Heterocyclic Chemistry has been involved exlusively in the field of organo-pharmaceutical drug discovery program. Owing to the reported potential of piperazine, amide, sulfonamide, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and carbamate moieties, the present work was designed to synthesize some new multi-functional molecules encompassing different bioactive functionalties including furan, piperazine, acetamide, propanamide, hexanamide, sulfonamide, ether, ester, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and carbamates. The synthesized molecules have been subjected to evaluation of their antibacterial, antifungal, enzyme inhibition and hemolytic potential. Furthermore, enzyme inhibition potential results have been supported by computational docking in order to find the types of interactions with the active site of involved enzymes. Thirteen (13) schemes have been used to demonstrate the synthesis of one hundred and nine (109) compounds. In scheme-1 to 3, different substituted phenyl amines (1a-t) were stirred with 2-bromoacetyl bromide (2), 3-bromopropionyl bromide (6) and 6-bromohexanoyl bromide (9) in basic medium to yield 2-bromo-N-(substituted phenyl)acetamides (3a-t), 3-bromo-N-(substitutedphenyl)propanamides (7a-q) and 6-bromo-N-(substitutedphenyl)hexamides (10a-g) as electrophiles. The synthesized electrophiles were treated with 1-(2-furoyl)piperazine (4) to acquire final compounds as 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-(substitutedphenyl)acetamides (5a-r), 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-(substitutedphenyl)propanamides (8a-q) and 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-(substitutedphenyl)hexamides (11a-g). In scheme-4 and 5, different substituted phenyl amines (1a-h) were stirred with 4-chloromethylbenzoyl chloride (12) and 3-chloromethylbenzoyl chloride (15) in basic medium to yield 4-(chloromethyl)-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (13a-h) and 3-(chloromethyl)-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (16a-h) as electrophiles. The synthesized electrophiles were treated with 4 to acquire final compounds as 4-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl] methyl}-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (14a-h) and 3-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl}-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (17a-h). In scheme-6 to 8, {4-[(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1-piperazinyl}(2-furyl)methanone (19) was synthesized by stirring 4 and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (18) in a basic medium. The compound 19 was refluxed with different previously electrophiles, 13a-h, 16a-h and acylhalides (22a-g) to synthesize 4-[(2,4-dichloro-6-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenoxy)methyl]-N-(substituted phenyl) benzamides (20a-h), 3-[(2,4-dichloro-6-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl} phenoxy)methyl]-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (21a-h) and O-acyl derivatives (23a-g). In scheme-9 and 10, different 5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (28a-g) were sytnthesized from corresponding aryl carboxylic acids (25a-g) through esterification and hydrazide formation. Two electrophiles, {4-[4-(chloromethyl)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl}(2-furyl)methanone (24) and {4-[3-(chloromethyl)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl}(2-furyl)methanone (30) were synthesized in basic medium by the reaction of 4 with 12 and 15. The synthesized electrophiles, 24 and 30, were refluxed with 28a-g to prepare {4-[4-({[5-(substituted)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl} (2-furyl) methanone (29a-g) and {4-[3-({[5-(substituted)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl} (2-furyl) methanone (31a-g). In scheme-11, the secondary amines (32a-h) were stirred with 4-bromomethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (33) in a basic medium to get sulfonamides, 34a-h, as electrophiles. These electrophiles were refluxed with 4 in acetonitrile in the presence of K2CO3 to get a series of 1-{[1-(2-furoyl)piperazin-4-yl]methyl}phenyl-4-sulfonyl substituted secondary amines (35a-h). In scheme-12 and 13, bromoalkyl amines (36 and 43) were stirred with phenyl chloroformate (22e) in a basic medium to yield phenyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate (37) and phenyl 3-bromopropylcarbamate (44). These two compounds were subjected to nitration and bromination to acquire 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate (39), 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate (41), 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 3-bromopropylcarbamate (46) and 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 3-bromopropyl carbamate (48). All these electrophiles were refluxed with 4 to synthesize a series of carbamates, phenyl 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethylcarbamate (38), 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethylcarbamate (40), 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethylcarbamate (42), phenyl 3-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]propyl carbamate (45), 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 3-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]propylcarbamate (47) and 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 3-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]propylcarbamate (49). The synthesized compounds were initially checked through thin layer chromatography (TLC) and then finally corroborated through spectral data of IR (Infra Red), 1H-NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), 13C-NMR (Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and EI-MS (Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry). Some spectra are also given for structural elucidation in the discussion section of chapter 4. The compounds are also characterized by the physical data of like color, state, yield, melting points (not for sticky solids), molecular formula and molecular mass. The pharmacological screening of synthesized molecules included the evaluation of their antibacterial and enzyme inhibition potential. The antibacterial potential against different bacterial strains was conducted through two methods including dilution and disc diffusion. Activity through dilution method was compared with Ciprofloxacin and that with disc diffusion method was compared with Rifamicin. Antifungal activity was also tested through disc diffusion method in comparison of Fluconazole. The enzyme inhibition potential was evaluated against α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with reference of Acarbose, Eserine and Eserine respectively. The pharmacological screening results were also aided by % hemolytic activity for toxicity of compounds with reference to PBS (phosphate buffer saline) and Triton X-100. Molecular docking study was also conducted for enzyme inhibition data in order to explain the types of interactions with the active site of the considered enzyme by the most active compounds. Among the synthesized one hudred and nine (109) compounds, a number of compounds have exhibited pharmacological activity potential. The structure activity relationship (SAR) of these compounds has been demonstrated explicatively in chapter 4 under discussion section. The most potent antibacterial agents and enzyme inhibitors with least toxicity might be subjected to in vivo study for further analysis as drug candidates. These compounds might be considerable for the pharmacological industries as new drug candidates for drug discovery program.