فقہ اسلامی میں مقاصد شریعت کے مدارج

Al-Maqasid (the purposes) is a guide to Islam written by Imam Shatibi in his book "Al-Mowafaq'at". It covers purposes of Islamic faith, Zakat, pilgrimage etc. Maqasid al-Shari’ah is a system of values that could contribute to a desired and sound application of the Shari’ah. ” This concept has been employed as a legal hermeneutical tool in pre-modern Islamic law at least since 3 H. D. It is based on the idea that Islamic law is purposive in nature, that is, to mean that the law serves particular purposes (e. G, promoting people’s benefit and welfare and protecting them from harm) that are either explicitly present in or can be derived from the fountainheads of the sources of Islamic law, namely, the Quran & the Sunnah. Maqasid al-Sharia is also an umbrella term that includes many other concepts that have been closely linked to it in the premodern Islamic tradition, most notably the idea of public interests and unrestricted interests (al-Masalih al-Mursala), as well as other principles such as istihsan (juridical preference), istis’hab (presumption of continuity), and avoidance of mischief (all of which are considered to be directives in accordance with Allah’s will). Spiritual Principles include: the free right and duty to be aware of and to worship Allah and to search for ultimate truth and justice; the duty to respect the human person, known as the natural principle of personalism; the duty to respect the coherent order of all creation, i. E. Ecology and environment; and the duty to respect human community based on the sacredness of each of its members.

Comparativestudy of Input- Output Analysis of Public and Privatesecondary Schools in Tehsil Kamoke

This study compared the inputs and outputs in public and private secondary schools in Tehsil Kamoke. The private schools were selected from the schools meant for middle and lower middle income classes. The input factors included teacher?s academic and professional qualification, student teacher ratio, teacher training, and assessment of students, physical facilities, and administrative competency of HTs, teachers? competencies, co-curricular activities and per student cost. The output for the study was defined as the scores of students obtained in the matriculation examination of the BISE Gujranwala. Study population comprises 47 government high schools and 55 private secondary ( private schools meant for low and middle income groups) affiliated with Board of intermediate and Secondary education Gujranwala in Tehsil Kamoke. Fifteen schools were sampled from each sector for data collection. The number of sampled HTs was 30 (15 from each sector) and number of sampled teachers were 150 (75 from each sector).The data was collected from the Head teachers and five teachers of each sampled school by using separate questionnaires for the HTs and teachers. Other sources of data collection were Budget 2018-19 report (Khunshan, 2018), fee structure of private schools and result gazette BISE Gujranwala 2018. Descriptive research method was adopted and t. test was applied for data analysis. Study was concluded that private schools lead the public schools in academic achievements of students, teacher training, appropriate student teacher ratio, teaching competencies of teachers, assessment of students, administrative competencies of head teachers, co-curricular activities and cost per student. Public schools lead the private schools in having highly qualified teachers and head teachers in academic and professional qualification. Public schools also lead the private schools in some physical facilities like play grounds, science labs, computer labs and class room ventilation. It was also found that private schools have higher efficiency as compared to public schools.