جناب محمد طفیل
ادھر گذشہ تین مہینے میں اس برصغیر میں چار موتیں ہوئیں جن سے علمی حلقے کو بڑا صدمہ پہنچا، ان کی یادیں برابر آتی رہیں گی۔جناب محمد طفیل اڈیٹر نقوش لاہور اپنے کسی کام سے اسلام آباد آئے، رات کو خوش خوش سوئے تو اپنی میٹھی نیند ہی میں ۵؍ جولائی ۱۹۸۶ء کو اﷲ کو پیارے ہوئے، اور اپنے بے شمار قدردانوں کو سوگوار چھوڑ گئے، انھوں نے نقوش کو اپنی ادارت میں ایک علمی فیکٹری بنا رکھا تھا، جس طرح کسی فیکٹری سے مشینیں ڈھل کر نکلتی ہیں، اسی طرح نقوش سے طرح طرح کے علمی و ادبی نمبر نکلتے رہے، غزل نمبر، افسانہ نمبر، مکاتیب نمبر، خطوط نمبر، شخصیات نمبر، طنز و مزاح نمبر، منٹو نمبر، بہ طرس نمبر، لاہور نمبر، آپ بیتی نمبر، ادب آلعالیہ نمبر، ادبی معرکہ نمبر، غالب نمبر، میرتقی میر نمبر، شوکت تھانوی نمبر، میر انیس نمبر اور اقبال نمبر کے علاوہ آخر میں تیرہ جلدوں میں رسول نمبر نکالا، اور قرآن نمبر نکالنے کی فکر میں تھے کہ خود وہاں پہنچ گئے جہاں سے یہ مقدس صحیفہ نازل ہوا تھا۔
یہ سارے نمبر علمی، ادبی اور تاریخی، انسائیکلوپیڈیا بن گئے ہیں، اس لحاظ سے وہ خوش نصیب تھے کہ ان کا خاتمہ بالخیر رسول نمبر پر ہوا، اس کی تیرہ (۱۳) جلدیں دینی فیوض اور ملی برکات کا سرچشمہ بنی رہیں گی، یہ بیسویں صدی میں اردو زبان کا ایسا شاندار کارنامہ ہے جو مدت مدید تک یاد رکھا جائے گا، وہ اپنی دنیاوی زندگی میں لوگوں کو علمی کوثر، ادبی تسنیم اور دینی سلسبیل کے جام پر جام پلاتے رہے، دعا ہے کہ اب جہاں وہ پہنچ گئے ہیں وہاں برکت اخروی کی کوثر، مغفرت الٰہی کی تسنیم اور رحمت ایزدی کے سلسبیل سے سیراب ہوتے رہیں، آمین، وہ اپنے پیچھے یہ درس چھوڑ گئے ہیں...
Abstract The purpose of this study is to compare the student's and teacher’s perceptions about their current English textbook they used. This study categorized as a descriptive qualitative study. The population of VIII grade students (45 students) of junior high school was involved in this study and an English teacher of them too. The questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used as the instrument of this research. Besides, the guideline of the interview and questionnaire was from [1]Cunningsworth's (1995) theory which is explained about the book evaluation. The data were analyzed through Google form percentage presentation for the questionnaire while transcription, coding was used for the interview section. The result showed, 75% of students believed that the book they used has good quality. While the rest 25% felt it did not fulfill their expectation and need. Besides, the teachers’ perception supports it with some of the books’ part lacks organization and employed too many vocabularies. Whereas the students felt their current level was not suitable with the teachers’ beliefs, but the teacher believed that it was appropriate with the students’ level. So, there were few different perceptions between them. However, the teacher believed that her role in helping students with textbook usage could help the main point of students’ need due to the teacher has lack of knowledge and awareness to do coursebook evaluation. Therefore, further research needs to be done to make this study more comprehensive.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an advanced and chronic endocrine disorder characterized by insufficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells or of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues such as liver, adipose tissues and skeletal muscles. Glucokinase (ATP: D-glucose-6-phosphotransferase; GCK), initiates glycolysis and acts as a glucose sensor and metabolic signal producer in liver and pancreas. The present study investigated differences in allelic frequencies between 60 individual diabetics with typeII and 60 healthy controls. Clinical manifestations identified, GCK gene was selected analyzed data were compared to RFLP of the glucokinase gene and results confirmed about mutation. There were also significant differences (P<0.0001) in glycation levels (0.90, 0.4838mole/mole), random blood sugar (348.8, 105.8 mg/dl), cholesterol levels (235.3, 161.8 mg/dl), low density lipoprotein in diabetic subjects (155.3, 28.46 mg/dl) and in healthy donors. GCK gene mutations were found in 70% of the patients while 30% are non-mutated. The basic aim of this study is to understand the mechanism and genes which are responsible for the prevalence of diabetes and to investigate new trends and methods used for the treatment of this disease. A hereditary variation of a gene is mentioned in this study, it is a change in a nucleotide sequence with an addition, deletion, or investment of a nucleotide sequence. In particular, genetic variation in a gene includes a single nucleotide polymorphism. Samples show the mutation insertion, deletion and insertion/deletion. PCR-sequencing showed qualitative differences in diabetic patients in comparison to non-diabetics. Glucokinase is the most important component in glucose detection of pancreatic islet beta cells in diabetes because glucokinase mutations can be one of the most common single gene disorders described. It is known that a genetic variation of a human glucokinase gene, including a point mutation, causes MODY, concentration of plasma glucose increased and it is supposed to be the cause of diabetes of the present study subjects. The main aspects of the work were designed to investigate immunological cross-reactivity between viral antigens and pancreas-specific self-antigens. This is to investigate, hypothesis that type1 diabetes may be triggered following infection with commonly occurring viruses such as coxsackie B, rotavirus, rubella, mumps and cytomegalovirus. The ANOVA of peripheral blood CD3+ T cells in healthy controls expresses higher level (1.475 ± 0.2930), than the diabetic patients (0.685±0.0927). CD14+ T-cell on monocyte1 frequency were analysed by flow-cytometry in the same Diabetes Mellitus patients expressing the higher level in healthy control (10.79±9.225) when compared to diabetic subjects (2.615±0.5850) and CD14+ on monocyte2 in healthy subjects’ level is higher (11.41±9.925) as compared to the diabetes (2.415±1.575). B-Cell marker CD19+ in healthy donors show higher significant level (5.085±5.055) and in diabetic subjects it is comparatively lowers (3.615±1.825). In conclusion, this study proved that oxidative stress increases the production of ROS causes the hyperglycaemic control stimulates the failure of different cells like lymphocytes subsets ultimate causes the cell death.