حافظ محمد ابراہیم
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینے حافظ محمد ابراہیم صاحب نے وفات پائی، مرحوم پرانے قوم پرور اور اس دور کے کانگریسی تھے جس کی یادگاریں اب بہت کم پائی ہیں، اپنے حسن اخلاق اور خدمت کی بنا پر اپنے حلقہ میں بڑے مقبول اور اپنا ذاتی اثر رکھتے تھے، انھوں نے لیگ اور کانگریس کے بڑے معرکے کے الیکشن میں لیگی امیدوار کے مقابلہ میں کامیابی حاصل کی اور کانگریس کا وقار قائم کیا اتر پردیش اور مرکزی حکومت میں وزیر رہے، آخر میں کچھ دنوں تک گورنری بھی کی، اگرچہ وہ بڑے وفادار کانگریسی تھے، لیکن آخر میں ان کو خود اپنی جماعت سے دھوکا اٹھانا پڑا اور ان کی زندگی کا آخری دور پریشانی میں گذرا۔
مرحوم بڑے مرنجان مرنج تھے، مسلمانوں کے معاملات میں بھی ان کی روش یہی تھی، انھوں نے نہ ان کو فائدہ پہنچایا نہ نقصان، ان معاملات میں وہ خاموشی سے کام لیتے تھے، بڑے خوش اخلاق تھے، ہر شخص کو اپنی باتوں سے خوش کرنے کی کوشش کرتے تھے، جب دارالمصنفین کے لوگوں سے ملاقات ہوتی تو بڑی خصوصیت ظاہر کرتے، ایک مرتبہ یہاں تک آمادگی ظاہر کی کہ وہ خود دارالمصنفین آکر اس کی مالی حالت مضبوط کرنے کی کوشش کریں گے مگر اس کی نوبت نہ آسکی، اب قوم پرور مسلمانوں میں ایسے لوگ نہ ملیں گے، ان کی وفات سے ایک پرانی یادگار مٹ گئی اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، فروری ۱۹۶۸ء)
Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD's) have long been used by fishermen in South Buton Regency. This study aims to determine the utilization of FAD distribution as a fishing aid by purse sein vessels in the waters of Kadatua District, South Buton Regency. This study aims to determine the utilization of FAD distribution as a fishing tool by purse sein vessels in Kadatua District, South Buton Regency. Data collection methods include FAD point data taken from GPS (Global Position System) fishermen and dominant catch data from purse sein fishermen. The results of the study obtained data on the distribution of FADs in Kadatua District spread between a distance of 0-12 miles, during the study the coordinates of FADs were obtained as many as 79 coordinate points owned by fishermen in Kadatua District. FADs used by purse sein fishermen to carry out fishing operations have 24 FAD points, which are spread over a distance of 0 – 12 miles. In April the distribution of FADs used as fishing aids by purse sein vessels was at a distance of ± 0 – 12 miles, while in May and June FADs used as fishing aids were at a distance of ± 2 – 12 miles. The dominant fish catch data for purse sein fishermen is 690 kg in April, 525 kg in May and 735 kg in June. The dominant catch during the study was dominated by scad fish (Decapterus spp). The level of effectiveness of the dominant catch of purse sein fishermen is highest at a distance of 4-12 miles with a total catch of 1,070 kg of the total catch of 1,950 kg.
Pakistan has been facing security threats since its independence, and looking for security assurances from external sources. Its alignment policy with the U.S. has been primarily based on its heightened sense of insecurity at different times. This sense of insecurity and the U.S. need for allies brought the two countries together during the Cold War. Military collaboration has been an important component of this alliance. Since then, the U.S.-Pakistan security relationship has been a roller coaster ride with periodic highs and lows at both ends. This relationship has been based on periods of friendship as well as mutual distrust. Pakistan and the U.S. developed new security strategies in the region to face the growing threat from Afghanistan in the 1980s and after 2001. American economic aid and the arms sales packages were meant to meet Pakistan’s security needs during the Cold War and the Afghanistan Jihad. This was also meant to promote U.S. interests in the region. The U.S. has enforced a reactive policy towards Pakistan by relating aid to other requirements, such as nuclear nonproliferation, strengthening of democratic institutions and to fight terrorism. After September 11, 2001, Pakistan and the U.S. once again formed a security partnership. Pakistan by virtue of its geopolitical environment became a natural and frontline ally in the U.S led global War on Terror. However, Pakistan’s role in this war is a complex phenomenon in terms of its implications. Though, Pakistan was an isolated country prior to 9/11 due to nuclear sanctions, military takeover by General Musharraf, and close ties with the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. Pakistan once again became a U.S. ally to fight terrorism. This new relationship brought new opportunities and challenges for the two allies. While the War on Terrorism has made Pakistan to pay a heavy price, it has managed to build a sustainable 10 relationship with the U.S. However, the future remains uncertain pertaining to the conclusions of the War on Terror, and future developments in Afghanistan. This dissertation analyzes the deciding factors in the Pakistan-U.S. relationship in the post 9/11 era. While the main focus remains on the complex dynamics of the relations, and Pakistan’s role in the War on Terror is highlighted.