کشتیوں سے اتر نہ جائیں کہیں
لوگ طوفان سے ڈر نہ جائیں کہیں
زندگی ہے کہ آگ کا دریا
شدت غم سے مر نہ جائیں کہیں
جن کو ظلمت نے باندھ رکھا ہے
چاندنی میں بکھر نہ جائیں کہیں
روک اشکوں کو اب سر مژگاں
یہ بھی حد سے گزر نہ جائیں کہیں
آؤ لکھ لیں لہو سے عہد وفا
قول سے ہم مکر نہ جائیں کہیں
ان کی یادوں کے زخم اے عالمؔ
وقت سے پہلے بھر نہ جائیں کہیں
For the development of human society, when male and female get into the bond of marriage, they not only crave for having long lasting relationship but also desire it to be protected and preserved. But sometimes, the state of affairs turn out in such a way that this marital bond is vitictimized by the mutual differences and grow to such an extent that husband and wife end up in divorce. Separation of a married couple is viewed as a dreadful act in any society of the world. However, sometimes a couple is better off without this relation as a result of growing differences. Different religions have suggested different waysin this regard by explaining how husband and wife can lead a detached life. Divorce is an act which breaks the agreement of marriage. Different religions propose different laws and traditions for divorce. In this paper, we will discuss divorce laws and traditions that come under Semitic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) in specific.
Natural plant derived phytoconstituents with appreciable antioxidant activity have gained sufficient interest in cosmetic and dermatology for various clinical and aesthetic purposes. Various skin related disorders such as acne, inflammation, hyper-pigmentary disorders, sunburn, photoaging, melisma, and dry skin conditions are now becoming a point of focus to be treated with natural ingredients based topical formulations because of lower risk of adverse effects. In this research project bioactive, polyphenolic, antioxidant enriched fruit extracts from Diospyros Kaki (Persimmon), Manilkara Zapota (Cheeku) and Grewia Asiatica (phalsa) were evaluated for their anti-oxidant activities using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were estimated quantitatively. HPLC analysis was carried out for qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyphenols present in these extract samples. Finally, after phytochemical screening these fruit extract (10%) were loaded into topical emulgel formulations. The formulated emulgels (including active test formulations and respective control) were subjected to various stress storage conditions i.e. 8°C, 25°C, 40°C and 40°C+75%RH for a time period of 12 weeks, for evaluation of their physicochemical stability in terms of any change in colour, odour, consistency, pH, electrical conductivity, liquefaction, phase separation, and rheological attributes. Non-invasive In-vivo evaluation was performed using biophysical methods to evaluate the effects of active test formulations on various skin parameters such as melanin levels, erythema levels, moisture contents, sebum contents and facial skin elasticity. Surface evaluation of living skin was performed to estimate any variation in skin microreleif parameters such as scaliness, smoothness & wrinkles after treatment with active test formulation and respective control for a period of 90-days. Similarly, mean percent changes in porphyrin area, porphyrin count, porphyrin average intensity, number and area of fine and large facial skin pores was observed to elucidate and compare the effects of treatment with active test formulation to that of control. Sun protection factor was determined for formulated test and control formulations and their physical remanance on the skin was studied. Whole experimental work was carried out using single blinded, split face study design in three groups (Group-1, Group-2 and Group-3) with 13 male volunteers in each group. Results were analysed for their statistical significance using two way ANOVA and paired sample t-test. Antioxidant activities of Persimmon, Cheeku and Phalsa fruit extract were 79% ± 2.54, 82% ± 1.84 and 86% ± 1.03 respectively. Active test formulation loaded with Persimmon, Cheeku and Phalsa fruit extract and control exhibited optimum pH, electrical conductivity, and rheological attributes with good physical stability for a period of 3-months at accelerated stability storage conditions. The active test formulation EG-1, EG-2 and EG-3 produced significant (P≤0.05) while control exhibited insignificant (P>0.05) effects on melanin, erythema, sebum, elasticity, porphyrin area (%), porphyrin count and porphyrin average intensity, area and number of fine and large pores with respect to time. In case of moisture contents, active test formulations and control produced significant effects (P≤0.05), however the effect produced by active test formulation were much higher in magnitude. The active test formulation showed significant effects on skin scaliness, skin smoothness, and skin wrinkles while control produced insignificant effects with respect to time. Fruit extracts and active test formulations were shown to possess sufficient sunscreen activity and physical remanance on the skin as revealed by in-vitro spectrophotometric method and in-vivo biophysical technique. Moreover, the formulated active test emulgels were capable to quench both UVA and UVB radiations. Based on the findings of recent study it can be concluded that emulgels can be a stable, safe & cost-effective carrier system for transdermal delivery of antioxidant enriched extracts from Persimmon, Cheeku and Phalsa fruits. Moreover, formulated emulgels produced significant effects on various studied facial skin parameters by using non-invasive in-vivo biophysical techniques. Hence, it can safely be stated that these fruits can be used alone or in combination with other cosmetic ingredients to unveil their maximum beneficial potential for mankind.