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Assessment of genetic diversity in stripe rust resistant nuwyt candidate lines using microsatellite markers

Thesis Info

Author

Madiha Sadiq

Department

Department of Environmental Sciences

Program

BS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Environmental Sciences

Language

English

Other

BS 333.9534 MAA

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722762751

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حضرت امام ِ اعظم(امام ابو حنیفہ رحمۃ اللہ علیہ)

حضرت امامِ اعظم رحمۃ اللہ علیہ
(امام ابوحنیفہ رحمۃ اللہ علیہ)
عمر ہا در کعبہ و بت خانہ می نالد حیات
تا زبزم عشق یک دانائے راز آید بروں
کائنات کا نظام قانونِ قدرت کے مطابق چل رہا ہے، حیات و ممات کے اپنے مراحل ہیں شمس و قمر کے اپنے اپنے مدار ہیں ، باغِ حیات میں گلہائے رنگا رنگ کا وجود اپنی زیست کا ثبوت مہیّا کرتا ہے۔ گگن کی وسعتوں میںظلماتِ شب کو اجالا بخشنے والے کواکب رنگینیاں بکھیر رہے ہیں ، بادِنسیم کے مسحور کن جھو نکے عروقِ مردہ میں حیات بخش قطروں کی ترسیل کا سبب بن رہے ہیں۔ فلک بوس پہاڑ ، شاہینوں کی پرواز ، مجاہدوں کی للکار، صوفی کی تسبیح ، کسان کی جُہدِمسلسل، مومن کی شبِ بیداری، خطیب کا خطبہ ، واعظ کا وعظ ، منصف کا فیصلہ یہ سب اس بات کی دلیل ہیں کہ کوئی تو ہے جس نے یہ سارا نظام سنبھال رکھا ہے، اور وہ ایک خدا ہے۔
؎ جو دن کو رات اور رات کو دن بنا رہا ہے وہی خدا ہے
مختلف اوقات میں مختلف لوگ خدا تعالیٰ کے وجود کاا نکار کرتے رہے اور اللہ تعالیٰ اُن کا منہ توڑ جواب دینے کے لئے نابغۂ روزگار ہستیاں پیدافرماتا رہا، ان نفوسِ قدسیہ میں ایک عظیم نام نعمان بن ثابت بن مرزبان (امام ابوحنیفہ رحمۃ اللہ علیہ) کا ہے۔
آپ رحمۃ اللہ علیہ کا نام نعمان ، ابوحنیفہ کنیت ، امام اعظم بالاتفاق لقب ہے آپ رحمۃاللہ علیہ کی کنیت ابوحنیفہ آپ کی اولاد کی وجہ سے نہیں بلکہ کنیت وصفی ہے یعنی ابا الملۃ الحنیفہ اور بوجہ آیت مبارکہ’’ واتبعو ملۃ ابراہیم حنیف‘‘ ابراہیم حنیف کی ملت کی اتباع کرو۔ آپ رحمۃ اللہ علیہ نے اپنی کنیت ابوحنیفہ اختیار فرمائی اور اللہ تعالیٰ نے اسے شرفِ قبولیت بخشا جو...

ڈیرہ غازی خان کی مذہبی و معاشرتی زندگی میں صوفیا کرام کی تعلیمات کے اثرات

Islam is the religion of peace and love for the humanity. It always ordered to his followers to treat other with kind and tolerance. The Holy prophet always proved himself the prophet of mercy as the Holy Quran Said, but we sent you as a mercy to the worlds. Islam spread through politeness. In Subcontinent the advent of Islam is a great achievement of the noble saints and sufis. D۔G Khan which was a purely Hindu area in the past and the several sufis came to this part of Punjab in the initial stage of Islam. They played glorious role in the advent of Islam in the region. Sufism is a deter-mine effort towards unity. His main purpose is to bring humanity close with one another, separated as it is into so many different units, closer together in the deeper understanding of life. The main task is to bring about brotherhood among races, nations and faiths and to respect one another's faith, scripture and teacher. Sufi is to confer Sympathy on these lives, to impart Love, Compassion and Kindhearted-ness on all creations. The Sufi message is the resonance of the same Divine message which has always come and will always come to inform humanity. This research paper highlights the services of sufis who influenced on socio religious life of the people of D۔G Khan. 

Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Increasing Risk of Hyperglycemia/Diabetes in First/Second Degree Relatives of Diabetics

Type II diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes is a collection of disarray distinguished by hyperglycemia, micro-vascular, macro-vascular and neuropathic problems. The World Health Organization reported in 2004 that more than 170 million people have diabetes and the projected number could be as high as 370 million by 2030. The increased incidence of diabetes in developing countries is due to poor diet, obesity and inactive lifestyle. Diabetes is a condition that increases oxidative stress and inflammation, which may lead to damage of pancreas resulting in failure of beta cell function. It is a serious health problem that may lead to complications and can increase the risk of mortality. It also brings substantial economic losses, such as loss of work which effects productivity, wages and increase medical expenditure, the intial point of living a normal life with diabetes is an early diagnosis, longer a person lives with undiagnosed and untreated diabetes, the worse their health outcomes are likely to be. Present study was designed to find out the role of heat shock proteins, hormone and metal ions in developing hyperglycemia/diabetes in first degree relatives of diabetics. Study also tried to find out the relationship of heat shock protein, insulin, insulin resistance; hormones, cytokines and lastly metal ions. Link of heat shock proteins with risk of diabetes is not studied as of yet. The study included 200 relatives of diabetic patients. The seventy subjects (with no history of diabetes) with same sex, age and socioeconomic status were included as control. Both control and diabetes related subjects were between the ages of 14 -50 years. Study was divided into 2 units i.e. primary and secondary. In primary unit, the subjects were divided in three groups based on age i.e. groups, A (14-25 years), group B (26-35 years) and group C (36-50 years). Laboratory tests i.e., fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test; and HbA1c, serum insulin were performed. Then according to these parameters the age group suitable for further study was decided (secondary study). The secondary study was based on the estimation of biochemical parameters (level of insulin, insulin resistance, level of adiponectin; visfatin, elastase, metal ions and different heat shock proteins) related to pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function; as the impairment of these parameters may increase the risk of diabetes. In primary study comparisons betweengroup A, B and C showed that group B, was more aberrant due to release of insulin, results in impairing the oral glucose tolerance test, and caused progressive loss of beta-cell function. It is confirmed that prevalent risk, associated with diabetes, is greater in relatives within age group of 26-35 (group B). Therefore, there is a need to check heat shock proteins as an early indicator of diabetes, in the age group between 26-35 years. Data was entered in SPSS 20 and analyzed by student ‗t‘ test and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results showed that the level of fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, insulin and values of insulin resistance were increased in FDR within age group of 26-35 years. On the other hand, a decreased level of HSP 60 and mild increased level of HSP 70 (reactive oxidative intermediates) were observed in first degree relatives of diabetics as compared to the controls. Oxidative stress in first degree relatives of diabetic subjects were determined by estimating the levels of adiponectin, visfatin and elastase. The Raw volume of adiponectin and visfatin may be associated with higher intra-cellular reactive oxygen levels, elicited by mitochondrial dysfunction which resulted in impairment of the functions of adipocytes in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. On the other hand the decreased level of elastase represents pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. A positive correlation between HSP70 and calcium whereas weak negative correlation between SP60 and calcium showed the importance of this relationship, as differential calcium signaling may be accounted for the differential induction of HSP. A moderately strong negative correlation between HSP70 and magnesium, confirmed, that plasma magnesium concentrations may inversely correlate with degree of hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity; which may be due to increased oxidative stress. The study revealed a weak negative correlation between phosphate and HSP70. Furthermore, the research also confirmed that dietary lack of phosphorus lead to organ specific induction of HSP. It is therefore concluded that in FDR, besides genetic modification, there is an increased oxidative stress due to mitochondrial dysfunction which is confirmed by impaired level of HSPs. The increased oxidative stress may be the major factor causing impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, increase level of insulin; increase insulin resistance and decrease elastase activity i.e. an impair endocrine and exocrine function of pancreas. The Increased oxidative stress also has an effect on the function of adipocytes by decreasing the secretion of visfatin and adiponectin which also have a role in glucose metabolism.