سید عبدالحکیم دیسنوی
سیدی صاحب کے متعلقین میں دوسرا حادثہ عبدالحکیم صاحب دیسنوی کی وفات کا ہے، وہ رشتہ میں سید صاحبؒ کے چچا ہوتے تھے، مگر دونوں میں حقیقی چچا بھتیجے جیسے تعلقات تھے، دونوں ایک دوسرے کو بہت مانتے تھے، مرحوم سید صاحبؒ کی ہر ترقی اور ہر اعزاز پر بے انتہا مسرور ہوتے تھے، سید صاحبؒ بھی اپنے تمام نجی حالات اور علمی و قومی مشاغل کی اطلاع برابر ان کو دیتے رہتے تھے۔ اس لیے سید صاحبؒ کے مکاتیب کا سب سے بڑا ذخیرہ ان ہی کے پاس تھا۔ دونوں میں ۱۹۰۴-۵ء سے لے کر سید صاحبؒ کی وفات ۱۹۵۴ء یعنی تقریباً نصف صدی تک خط و کتابت رہی، یہ سارے خطوط سید عبدالحکیم صاحب نے محفوط رکھے اور سید صاحب کی وفات کے بعد دارالمصنفین کے حوالہ کردیئے جو اس کا بڑا قیمتی سرمایہ ہیں۔
سید عبدالحکیم صاحب کی تعلیم بہت معمولی تھی، لیکن ذوق علمی رکھتے تھے اور کتابوں کے مطالعہ سے انھوں نے اچھی خاصی استعداد بہم پہنچائی تھی، ان کا سب سے بڑا کارنامہ دیسنہ کا اردو کتب خانہ ہے، یہ کتب خانہ اس لحاظ سے ہندوستان میں بے مثل ہے کہ اس میں اردو کی اکثر مطبوعہ کتابیں اور پرانے اخبارات و رسائل کے مکمل فائل موجود ہیں جو دوسرے کتب خانوں میں مشکل سے مل سکتے ہیں، یہ کتب خانہ زیادہ تر سید عبدالحکیم صاحب کی کوشش کا نتیجہ ہے۔ انھوں نے اس کو اپنی زندگی کا مقصد بنالیا تھا، اردو کے شائقین اور اس کے ریسرچ اسکالر دور دور سے اس کو دیکھنے اور اس سے فائدہ اٹھانے کے لیے جاتے ہیں۔ سید صاحبؒ سے تعلق کی بناء پر مرحوم کو دارالمصنفین سے بڑا گہرا تعلق تھا، اگرچہ وہ اس کے کوئی عہدہ دار یا رکن نہ تھے لیکن اس کی ہواخواہی میں سب سے...
The advancement in science and technology has made the world peace and prosperity very important at this time in the human history. We find in the human history, since it was recorded, that almost all the civilizations were very intolerant, brutal to their opponents, especially, to the believers of other religions. On the other hand, the Islamic states were the most tolerant and accommodating to other religions. This fact is proved from the early history of Islām during the period of the Prophet Muḥammad (r) and his immediate successors. Similar is the case in the later history of the Muslims, during the period of the Abbasid, the Umayyids in Spain, the Turks, the Mughal era and in the Far East. Human and economic losses in wars were very huge during the first, the second world wars, and the current wars being fought in Iraq and Afghanistan. The human and material losses are horrible. The author believes that the Prophet Muḥammad (r) ’s teachings and traditions of moderation, tolerance, human respect, freedom of religious practice are the only ways to peace and prosperity in the world.
The study on impact of teacher performance appraisal (TPA) on appraisers aimed at exploring the impact of appraisal on the performance of the appraisers, which has mostly been a neglected area of research in educational settings. The reasons of selecting this topic for research were my past personal experiences as an appraiser and the issues related to appraisal in my organization. I reviewed the literature which shows the impact of appraisal on teachers and students, but very little has been said from the appraiser's point of view. This study has been conducted in Bright Future School (BFS, pseudonym) one of the private secondary schools for boys in Karachi. The school has a unique model of TPA, which I call the three- phased model' of appraisal. There are three approaches; one approach is only for the teachers who are in their probationary period, the second serves formative purposes of teacher evaluations, and the third is appraisal for performance review of teachers done at the end of each year, and it serves the summative evaluation purposes. Qualitative case study was chosen as a method for this study, as it was very contextual. Four appraisers including the principal of the school and a teacher were taken as participants. The data were collected through interviews, documents analysis, and general observation of the school. The findings of the study revealed that TPA has both positive and negative impacts on appraisers. It shows appraisal as double loop learning for appraisers. It is not only a kind of benchmark for them, but they also enhance their job- related knowledge and skills like teaching strategies, planning, classroom management, communication, and evaluation. It also shows that appraisal has brought a positive change in the appraisers' attitude towards appraisal and the appraisers. Apart from the positive changes, the findings also show one negative aspect of appraisal, which is its rigidity. It limits the creativity of the teachers and makes them very dependent, when it only focuses the targets set by the appraisers. In this case, the relation between teachers and appraisers becomes super-ordinate and subordinate, which is a hurdle in the way of creating a friendly learning environment. The findings show that the TPA model of BFS is a relatively successful model, which links the individual goals with organizational goals, and ultimately leads towards the goals of providing quality education to children. It also serves simultaneously both the developmental and