ہے کوئی سوگوار، تو کوئی خفا لگے
میرا وہ ہمسفر ہے تو دنیا کو کیا لگے
۔پنچھی خزاؤںمیں بھی اسی کا کریں طواف
یعنی کسی درخت کو تیری دعا لگے
آب و ہوا پہ چھانے لگی ہے شگفتگی
موسم بھی تیرے حسن میں اب مبتلا لگے
آنے لگی صدا، کہ مدد چاہیے ہمیں
ہم بھی عظیم لوگ تھے،کوفے سے جا لگے
سہتے ہیں اضطراب مگر توڑتے نہیں
گلشن میں کوئی پھول اگر بے وفا لگے
مر جائے گا مگر نہیں بیچے گا وہ ضمیر
کشمیر! جس وجود کو تیری ہوا لگے
اک عکس اُس میں کھلتے ہی تصویر ہو گیا
گھر میں جو آئنہ مجھے سب سے جدا لگے
Islām is said to be a complete code of conduct. It guides the humanity in every aspect of life. To earn the best living is the aim of every man, for which he earnestly spends his most precious time and energies. In the present era, the economic activities are in close correspondence with the banking system. But, it is a matter of fact that the conventional banking system was not founded on Islamic economic principles, nor does it follow them in the conduct of its affairs. The question arises, are Islām and its academic sources capable to guide us to substitute the conventional banking system. We find that Muḍārabah in an Islamic economic system is an instrument that emanates a number of substitutions to replace the conventional banking. This article discusses Muḍārabah, only. Muḍārabah is a mode of Islamic financing in which one party provides capital and second one employs its expertise to do a business. In the classical Muḍārabah, there were only two parties. One of them is called Rabb al-Māl (Financer) and second Muḍārib (Worker). It was the simplest form of the classical Muḍārabah, but with the passage of time, Muḍārabah evolved into many forms. Now, it has become more complex. The Islamic banks employ Muḍārabah. They are using modern forms of Muḍārabah in their products. People have several misconceptions about Muḍārabah for lack of knowledge about it and its the procedures. This article is an effort to explain the legitimacy of Muḍārabah and its method according to al-Sharī‘ah in the context of the modern Muḍārabah banking.
Background: There is no consensus on the potential role of inflammatory markers in identifying chorioamnionitis in women with Preterm Pre-labour Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) or in predicting Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis (EONS) in their neonates. Objectives: To perform a quantitative review on the accuracy of maternal C reactive protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT) and Interleukin 6 (IL6) in the diagnosis of Histological Chorioamnionitis and/or Funisitis (HCA/Funisitis) and their role in the prediction of EONS in PPROM. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to October 2015, for studies where these markers were assessed against a reference standard of HCA/Funisitis or outcome of EONS in PPROM. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction and quality assessments. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2(QUADAS-2) and the Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tools were used to assess methodological quality. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) models were used in the diagnostic review. In the prognostic review, unadjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) were pooled in a random effects meta-analysis. Results: The diagnostic review included 14 studies reporting 361 episodes (47.4%) of HCA/Funisitis in 761 participants, median prevalence 41% (IQR 36-53). The pooled indices for CRP at the commonest cut-off of 20mg/L (5 studies, 252 participants) were sensitivity 59% (95% CI 48-69), specificity 83% (95% CI 74-89), Likelihood Ratio positive (LR+) 3.45(95% CI 2.24-5.30) and Likelihood Ratio negative (LR-) 0.50(95% CI0.38-0.64 ). The sensitivity, LR+ and LR- for CRP at all cut-offs (11 studies, 570 participants) and at a selected specificity of 80% were 55%, 2.75 and 0.56 respectively. Indices for IL6 at a specificity of 80% were sensitivity 62%, LR+ 3.1 and LR- 0.48. No pooled indices were derived for PCT as included studies were few. The prognostic review included 7 studies with 332 participants and 97 episodes of EONS, median prevalence 26% (IQR 26-34). The pooled unadjusted OR for studies evaluating CRP at the commonest cut-off of 10mg/L (4 studies, 161participants) was 2.79 (95%CI 1.33-v 5.88, p 0.007). No pooled estimates were obtained for PCT and IL6 as included studies were few. Included studies were mainly prospective cohort design but were of poor quality. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to support use of CRP, PCT or IL6 in maternal blood for the diagnosis of HCA/Funisitis in PPROM and prediction of EONS in PPROM. Recommendations: We do not recommend the routine use of maternal CRP, PCT or IL6 singly in