مولانا قاضی زین العابدین سجادؔ میرٹھی
گزشتہ ماہ مولانا قاضی زین العابدین سجادؔ میرٹھی اور جناب میکشؔ اکبر آبادی رحلت فرماگئے، قاضی صاحب میرٹھ کے ایک علمی و دینی خاندان کے فرد اور دارالعلوم دیوبند کے ممتاز فضلا میں تھے، وہ عرصہ تک جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ کے شعبۂ دینیات و تاریخ اسلام کے صدر رہے، تحریر و تصنیف کا ذوق مولانا تاجورنجیب آبادی کی صحبت میں پیدا ہوا، ابتدا میں مصطفی منفلوطی کے عربی افسانوں کا اردو ترجمہ کیا، کئی برس تک میرٹھ سے ’’الحرم‘‘ نکالتے رہے، جس کے کئی خاص نمبر شایع ہوئے اردو عربی لغت میں بیان اللسان اور قاموس القرآن ترتیب دی، ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی کی کتاب ’’تاریخ ملت‘‘ کے بعض حصے مرتب کیے، دو تین برس قبل ان کی کتاب ’’شہید کربلا‘‘ شایع ہوئی، جمعیۃ علمائے ہند اور دارالعلوم دیوبند کی سرگرمیوں میں بھی حصہ لیتے رہے، کئی برس سے بیمار تھے ۸۸ء میں آخری بار دہلی کے مدنی سیمینار میں ملاقات ہوئی تو بہت کمزور ہوگئے تھے، طبیعت میں نفاست تھی، خوش وضع، خوش پوش اور خلیق و ملنسار شخص تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مئی ۱۹۹۱ء)
For the guidance of humanity, God revealed the Holy Quran. It is the only book which is recited the most. Those who read and teach this book have been called the best people. From the blessed life of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) till today, scholars have tried their best to make common sense for the less educated people. And Muhadithin have to bind chapters of "Kitab al-Tafseer and Chapters of Commentary" in their own books. Companions and many commentators interpreted. Some of the interpretations were translated into different languages so that common people can benefit from it. Scholars of the Indian sub-continent also interpreted the Holy Quran for the understanding of common people. A link in the same series is Dr. Muhammad Faruk Khan's "Asan Tarin Tarjuma Wa Tafsir" which is written in simple Urdu language. Dr. Sahib's distinctions on special topics make the reader ponder.
In this article, Dr. Farooq Ahmad Khan's services regarding Tafsir and his distinctions about (Alphabets, prohibited trees, forgetfulness of Adam, etc.) will be examined. Along with the opinions of different commentators will also be present.
Keywords: Qura’n, Dr. Farooq Ahmad, Asan Tarin Tarjuma wa Tafsir, distinctions, Commentators.
In this thesis, spectrum sharing in cognitive radio based on smart antenna is considered. The thesis is divided into two parts. In first part, the convex optimization has been used for parallel spectrum sharing in cognitive radio environment with smart antenna. Three different algorithms are proposed in this domain. First algorithm maximizes cognitive user SINR subject to the constraint that interference level must kept below a predefined limit for primary user. This improves the quality of service of cognitive user at the same time by preventing the primary user from the interference. Second algorithm deals with the situation when primary and cognitive users are in the same direction. In this case cognitive user gain is optimized subject to the separation angle. This will minimize cognitive gain and the spectrum will be utilized by primary user. Third algorithm optimizes the power of cognitive user, based on the separation angle between cognitive user and primary users. This optimized power of cognitive user will have minimum interference affect on primary user. In second part of thesis, spectrum sharing in cognitive radio is achieved through side-lobe suppression by using the generalized side-lobe cancellation (GSC). For this purpose, multiple GSCs are used in parallel to suppress side-lobes. This result in reduced side-lobe level at the primary receiver, thus the interference of cognitive user towards primary user will be kept in limits. Similarly in case of reduction of side-lobes levels of cognitive receiver, the interference of primary towards cognitive user will be reduced. Hence, this thesis is supportive and effective to embed the smart antenna in cognitive radio. The simulation results have been generated in diversified environments to verify the validity of the proposed algorithms. Results have been compared with the existing classical techniques.