سید محامد علی عباسی
افسوس ہے کہ دارالمصنفین کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے ایک معزز مخلص رکن جناب سید محامد علی عباسی ائی۔اے۔ایس ۱۵؍ ستمبر کو حیدرآباد میں وفات پاگئے، اِناﷲ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون، یہ اطلاع بہت تاخیر سے ان کے ہم وطن مولوی معین احمد علوی کاکوروی کے مکتوب گرامی سے ملی۔ ان کی زندگی حیدرآباد میں بسر ہوئی، دارالمصنفین کے بڑے قدرداں تھے، وہ نظام ٹرسٹ کے بہت بااثر رکن تھے، اس سے دارالمصنفین کو سالانہ گرانٹ دلائی اور اس کے لئے سفر کی صعوبت برداشت کرکے یہاں تشریف بھی لائے، بڑی خوبیوں کے مالک تھے، اونچے عہدوں پر فائز رہنے کے باوجود متواضع تھے، اپنی دیانت داری، حسن خدمت اور قابلیت کی وجہ سے نیک نامی حاصل کی اور بڑا عروج پایا، ان کی شخصیت باوقار، پرکشش اور قدیم شرافت و تہذیب کا دلکش نمونہ تھی، گزشتہ برس ہمدرد نگر میں ہونے والے دارالمصنفین کے جلسہ میں شرکت فرمائی، کیا خبر تھی کہ اس عالم ناسوت میں یہ ان سے آخری ملاقات ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے اور اعزہ متوسلین کو صبر جمیل عطا کرے۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، نومبر ۱۹۸۹ء)
Jesus of Nazareth is the central figure of the Christian religion, a savior believed to be both God incarnate and a human being. He is also known as Jesus Christ, the term “Christ” meaning anointed or chosen once. Most of the details of his life are unclear, and much of what is known about his life comes from the four Gospels of the Bible. The Gospels tell the story of Jesus’s auspicious birth in a stable in Bethlehem, and then of his life as an adult, a teacher with miraculous powers who foretold his own death to his closest followers, called apostles. Jesus, betrayed by the apostle Judas, was crucified by the Romans, and his resurrection three days after his death was taken as proof of his divinity. The date of Jesus’s birth to Mary is celebrated each December 25th as Christmas Day. The occasion was used as the base year for the modern Christian calendar, though researchers now believe that earlier estimates were inexact and that Jesus was actually born between 4 B.C. And 7 B.C. The date of the crucifixion is now marked as Good Friday, and the resurrection celebrated as Easter.
Genetics is a subject that many learners and teachers find difficult to learn and teach respectively. This cross-sectional survey study was carried out to investigate secondary school biology teachers’ conceptual understanding about the selected concepts of genetics including: Cell Division, Fertilization and Reproduction and Cells followed by comparison in teachers’ conceptual understanding across school system in Baltistan. Another aim was to identify the most difficult questions in the Genetic Conception Assessment (GCA) to indicate the difficulties in the particular concepts of genetics. GCA tool had adapted from a previous study and found to be reliable (α=0.84) and also validated through content and methodological reviewers. GCA was piloted before administration to compute contextual relevancy, difficulty index and discrimination index. GCA was directly administered to 130 participants/science teachers randomly recruited from government (n=67) and private (n=63) schools. Results demonstrated that teachers scored 65% of the total score exhibiting above average conceptual understanding. On average, private school teachers have exhibited a better conceptual understanding (M=70, SE=1.60) than their counterparts (M=60, SE=2.11) in government schools (p<0.001; r=0.32). Results followed a similar pattern for the three domains in GCA. However, the difference was found to be significant only on domain ‘fertilization and reproduction’ (p< 0.001; r = 0.38). Of the 33 items, six items (18%) were identified as the most difficult items (score <29%). Findings revealed that teachers’ exhibited better understanding of concepts: site of meiosis in human-body and chromosome numbers in egg, sperm and fertilized egg. It was also found that teachers possessed misconceptions about basics of mitosis and meiosis with inadequate understanding of reproduction concept. Furthermore, teachers found it difficult to reason well in an explicit way. This study provides significant insight into the under-researched area in Pakistani context to inform policy, practice and further research. Keeping the results in view, professional development courses in developing conceptual understanding of teachers could be emphasized. The findings of this study make a valuable contribution to indigenous literature.