شیخ نذیر حسین
(ڈاکٹر محمود الحسن عارف)
’’محترم شیخ نذیر حسین صاحب بڑے عالم و محقق اور علم و فن کے قدرداں تھے، ’’معارف‘‘ ان کا محبوب رسالہ تھا، اگر ان کی کوئی چیز تیار ہوجاتی تو اس میں اشاعت کے لیے بھیجتے، معارف میں کوئی مسامحت اور فروگذاشت ہوجاتی تو فوراً توجہ دلاتے، ایسے صاحب نظر اور دیدہ ور لوگ اب عنقا ہوگئے ہیں، جب تک وہ اچھے تھے شاید ہی کوئی مہینہ ناغہ جاتا ہو کہ ان کا خط نہ آتا ہو، ادہر علالت کی وجہ سے جب ان کے خطوط آنے بند ہوئے تو میں نے شعبہ اردو، دائرہ معارف اسلامیہ لاہور کو متعدد خطوط لکھے مگر ایک خط کا بھی جواب نہیں آیا کہ دفعتہ ۲۲؍ اکتوبر کو یہ تحریر اور منسلک خط موصول ہوا تو دھک سے رہ گیا، قارئین معارف سے درخواست ہے کہ ان کے لیے دعائے مغفرت کریں!
ربنا اغفرلنا ولا خواننا الذین سبقونا بالایمان۔ ‘‘[الحشر:۱۰] (ض)
پانچ سوا پانچ فٹ منحنی سا جسم، ابرؤوں کے بال موٹے اور بے ترتیب، کلین شیو، چہرہ اور کمر قدرے خمیدہ․․․․․․ یہ تمام باتیں ذہن میں رکھیں تو اس سے فوراً شیخ نذیر حسین صاحب کی شکل و صورت ذہن میں آتی ہے․․․․․․ وہ اپنی وضع قطع اور چہرے مہرے سے قطعاً کوئی عالمِ دین یا اسکالر نظر نہیں آتے تھے، بلکہ ایک عام سے فرد دکھائی دیتے تھے۔
۷۰ء کی دہائی کے آخری سالوں میں جب میں اردو دائرہ معارف اسلامیہ میں پہلے پہل آیا․․․․․․ تو میں نے ڈاکٹر سید عبداﷲ، پروفیسر سید امجد الطاف، پروفیسر عبدالقیوم کے ساتھ مذکورہ بالا․․․․․․ چہرے مہرے کے ایک شخص․․․․․․ کو دیکھا تو مجھے ان کی وضع قطع کی بنا پر تعجب ہوا کہ یہ کون صاحب ہیں، پھر مجھ پر منکشف ہوا کہ یہ تو اردو دائرہ معارف اسلامیہ کے مدیر شیخ نذیر حسین...
This paper is formulated under the conceptual framework of Gayatri spivak’s theory of Can Subaltern Speak? And explores the potential permeability of visual resources as a form of discourse through which subalterns found opportunity to counter media hegemony and make their voices heard. In order to analyze the selected graphic novel Munnu: A Boy From Kashmir (2015) the present qualitative study applies Grunter Kress and Theo Van Leeuwen’s model of visual design (2010) that connects the representational meaning to the interactive one. The analyst reflected upon how the interplay of visuals images and words together displayed the theme of Kashmir’s subjugation as well as how this genre has proved supportive to author to counter the said hegemony. Hence, the study found consent, political domination and media control as the broad elements that can be seen in the novel and also the study concludes that counter hegemony is possible through such literary genres, as the novel’s narrator has communicated those aspects of hegemonic situation in Kashmir to a large audience through literary discourse of graphic novel genre that are chiefly absent from mainstream media’s treatments of the Kashmir’s conflict. ______
Carrot (Daucus carota L.) having a family of Umbelliferea, is a winter crop and is used fresh or in processed form throughout the world. For early carrot production, problem of seed germination exists due to high temperature at the start of August in Punjab, Pakistan. To cope with the issue, a comprehensive research was performed at Institute of Horticultural Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The present study had focused to enhance high temperature tolerance in carrot seed that resulted in better germination by using pre-sowing seed treatments. For the purpose, Seeds of carrot cultivar T-29 were primed with various concentrations of different chemicals, i.e GA3, Kinetin, IAA, SA, KNO3 or with distilled water, and evaluated in laboratory (35±2 oC) in comparison with unprimed seeds (control)to optimize the best concentration (priming dose) from each chemical under high temperature stress (35±2 oC) in term of final germination percentage and other related traits. Pre-sowing seed treatments significantly improved almost all the parameters under study i.e., SA 0.1 mM followed by GA3 0.05 mM and KNO3 50 mM showed promising results for seed germination and seedling vigour related attributes. Two best performing doses from each chemical, which gave maximum germination under high temperature stress in Laboratory, were selected for field evaluation. Seed inoculation was also performed with azotobactor. Thereafter, primed, inoculated and unprimed seeds tested in the field under RCBD and treatment means were analyzed. All the pre-sowing seed treatments enhanced the final emergence percentage. Carrot root quality (colour, diameter, weight and length), sugars (reducing, non-reducing and total sugars, TSS) ascorbic acid contents, antioxidants enzyme activities, malondialdehyde contents, total phenolic, total antioxidants, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency of plants were positively improved by pre-sowing seed treatments, SA 0.1 mM performed the best followed by GA3 0.05 mM. In the field condition, maximum emergence (33.2%) was achieved with GA3 0.05 mM followed by SA 0.1 mM 30.5%, priming treatments in comparison with control (14.8%), while carrot root yield was enhanced upto (2.82 kg/12.5 ft2 against 0.1 mM SA priming treatment) as compared to unprimed seeds (1.72 kg/12.5 ft2). It was revealed that carrot seed priming with SA 0.1 mM solution and/ or GA3 0.05 mM solution could be a good strategy for enhancing emergence with healthy seedlings and establishment as well as further growth and production of early carrot crop at high temperature.