جھکے گا غیر کے در پر تو مار ڈالے گا
مجھے پھر ایسے مرا سر تو مار ڈالے گا
میں ہوں فقیر میں رکھتا ہوں خیر ساتھ اپنے
رہے گا ساتھ مرے شر تو مار ڈالے گا
زلیخا یوسفِ کنعان سے یہ کہنے لگی
تمھارا حسنِ ستم گر تو مار ڈالے گا
مجھے وہ کافی ہے جو کہ مرا مقدر ہے
کسی کا چھینا مقدر تو مار ڈالے گا
ڈرایئے نہ ہمیں حشر کے عذابوں سے
کہ جیتے جی یہ ہمیں ڈر تو مار ڈالے گا
نہیں میں طالبِ دنیا ہوں طالبِ مولا
قسم خدا کی مجھے زر تو مار ڈالے گا
تمھارے اشک نہ تائبؔ تھمے تو دنیا کو
یہ آنسوئوں کا سمندر تو مار ڈالے گا
Background: In neck related problems, limited cervical ranges are considered a major contributor leading to forward head posture and increased disability.
Methodology: The study design was a randomized clinical trial. Total of 50 subjects were recruited that fulfilled the selection criteria. Subjects were divided into two groups. Craniocervical flexion exercises group A (n=25) and Scapular stabilization exercises group B (n=25). Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Neck Disability Index (ND1) were subjective while the goniometer and plumb line were used as objective modes of assessment. Baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment values were assessed by using SPSS 21.
Results: Both groups showed improvement in plumb line values, forward head posture and cervical spine mobility. NPRS, and NDI score values after the 4-week exercise program showed significant results (p-value<0.05). Outcomes except for plumb line value and NDI score indicated statistically significant improvement in the Craniocervical flexion exercise group than the scapular stabilization exercise group (p-value<0.05). However, in NPRS no statistical difference (p-value>0.05) was found between the two groups.
Conclusion: Only females were recruited. Further studies can correlate with spatiotemporal features. The idea and conceptual framework were original.
A field study was carried out to determine the impact of climate change on growth, nitrogen use efficiency and achene yield in sunflower production under arid, semi arid and sub humid conditions of Punjab, Pakistan. The experimental data needed to run the model was obtained from two years (2008 and 2009) field experiments conducted at three locations, including the Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI) Multan, Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, and the Adaptive Research Farm, Gujranwala. The achene yield among various treatments was associated with the growth and development of crop or to their photosynthetic activity. At all the experimental locations, the nitrogen level 180 kg ha - 1 gave maximum yield as compared to standard (120 kg N ha -1 ) N dose. Similarly, Hysun-38 performed well, in terms of achene yield and achene oil yield at different agro-climatic conditions than other sunflower hybrids (Hysun-33 and Pioneer-64A93). Sub humid (Gujranwala) environmental conditions are much better as compared to semi arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Multan) climate for sunflower productivity. The OILCROP-SUN model testing and application in this study established that this specific model could be satisfactorily used as a research tool in different agro-environmental conditions of Punjab-Pakistan. The OILCROP- SUN model was calibrated and evaluated under local conditions and it predicted phenology, growth and yield of sunflower to a reasonable accuracy among different sunflower hybrids and nitrogen application. The findings propose that the model can be used to direct the alternate path for improving sunflower production in Pakistan. The climate change analysis describes the strong effect of temperature increment on sunflower production. The achene yield will be considerably reduced with increasing temperatures up to 2 o C in the area. If we look at present scenario than it can be estimated that there will be reduction in yield up to 25 % beyond 2050 for sunflower crop. Future studies for possible effects of climate change on field crop production should therefore includes, more number of weather stations to better reflect the heterogeneity in different cropping areas, standardization of field crop production technology through crop growth models should be initiated, development of site specific mitigation strategies to enhance agricultural productivity under changing climate scenarios. At the end, following suggestions must be under take to meet the challenges of changed climate on sunflower productivity, I) the development or breeding of new sunflower hybrids must be initiative that might be tolerant to higher temperature and adverse climatic conditions, II) The water storage capacity should be enhanced and proficiently managed to increase water use efficiency under changed climatic conditions for different field crops to get maximum benefit and ultimately to meet the challenge of food security. III) All the agronomic management practices (hybrid selection, sowing method and time, application of irrigation & fertilizer, insect pest and disease management) may need to meet the needs of food security under threatens of climate change, IV) More number of weather stations to better reflect the heterogeneity in different cropping areas must be initiated so that site specific production technology might be developed.