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Experiential marketing and brand salience: a theoretical framework for a market phenomenon

Thesis Info

Author

Amjad Shamim

Department

Department of Technology Management

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Technology Management

Language

English

Other

MS 658.827 AME

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722877985

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غزل

کیا کوئی ضابطہ ایسا کسی آئین میں ہے        :                کہ وہ مجرم ہے جو تہذیب کی تزئین میں ہے

میرے اس عہد میں رسوا جسے ٹھہرایا گیا :                اُس کی عظمت کا بیاں سورۃٔ والتّین میں ہے[۱]

پوچھ سکتا ہوں میں اے صاحبِ دستار و عمل :           کیوں کمر بستہ تو اقدار کی توہین میں ہے

جو بھی لب وا ہو مرے عہد میں وہ لب سی دو              :               یہ بھی اک حکم مرے شاہ کے فرامین میں ہے

اژدرِ کذب نے سچائی کو کھا ڈالا ہے       :               کوئی وقعت کہاں اب تیرے براہین میں ہے

تیری قسمت پہ تڑپ اٹھتا ہوں اے خاکِ وطن :       جو مرے عہد کے اب دستِ سلاطین میں ہے

تو نے کیا خود کو سرائیل سمجھ رکھا ہے       :               کیوں ترا دخل مرے دل کے فلسطین میں ہے

جس قدر آج یہاں اونچی ہوا میں اُڑ لیں : آخری فیصلہ دیوانِ علیّین میں ہے

وقت کو جو لیے پھرتا تھا کبھی مٹھی میں

اب وہ شاکر نہ ہی تیرہ میں ہے نے تین میں ہے

اسلامی قیادت کے بنیادی اصول: سیرت نبویﷺ کی روشنی میں

In Islamic perspective leadership is a great feature and most important quality for achievement of national goals. Therefore, all kinds of national and organizational success are based up on quality of good leadership.  Every group, society, organization, state and even the world at large need good leadership who can lead their supporters and followers and organizations towards  successful physical and spiritual growth and development . It is also a fact that leadership is God gifted thing but we can enhance ability for eldership.  Leadership should not be confused with the role of only those who make headlines but in essence almost everyone have sometimes somewhere, somehow played a leading role. It is also a historical fact that the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was granted all kind of leadership and He established some important principles of Islamic leadership which are necessary to follow them for successful leadership. These principles are foundation of great achievements which are led by the Holy Prophet ﷺ. It is also observed that the Islamic Leadership principles practiced by the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and subsequently by his Caliphs and pious followers which if practiced will provide success principles equally useful both for Muslims and for non-Muslims minorities both in an Islamic state and society.  In this paper the efforts are made to elaborate the guiding principles of Islamic leadership in the light of the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

Crop Yield As Affected by Soil Moisture Conservation and Fertility Management Practices on Eroded Land in Pothwar Region

The productivity of Pothwar plateau is quite low which is mainly attributed to low soil fertility and soil moisture stress at critical plant growth stages. The suitability of soil for crop production depends on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil. Soil erosion affects the soil properties and crop production by reducing nutrient supply, water infiltration and water holding capacity. The crops like wheat, maize and sorghum are mainly grown in Pothwar rain-fed area and yields of these crops are less than their potential. The crop production strategies for increasing yields and sustaining them must include an integrated approach of soil nutrients management along with other complementary measures such as rain-water conservation. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of water conservation and soil fertility management practices on maize and wheat crop yields under rain-fed conditions of Pothwar at Fatehjang and Gujar Khan target areas and on sorghum yield in controlled conditions. This study consists of three experiments carried out during 2004-2007. The first study was a comprehensive survey for characterization of eroded land in Pothwar areas. Nine soil series viz. Missa, Pirsabak, Burhan, Rajar, Bahtar, Basal, Kufri, Khaur and Balkassar from Fatehjang area and eight soil series viz. Missa, Pirsabak, Guliana, Rajar, Balkassar, Rawalpindi, Chakwal and Satwal were sampled from Gujar Khan area. Data from the analysis of soil series elucidated that the soils at Fatehjang for both depths (0-15 cm and 30-45 cm) were alkaline (7.65-8.37) while at Gujar Khan the soil pH was slightly lower (7.36-7.94). Both area soils were free of salinity problem, however, on the average, soils of Gujar Khan target area had relatively lower free lime content than those from2 Fatehjang area. Organic matter contents were found higher in Gujar Khan than Fatehjang area. At Fatehjang deficiency of nutrients was 100 % (N), 100 % (P), 14 % (K), 100 % (Zn), 5 % (Cu), 38 % (Fe), 0 (Mn) and 100 % (B) for topsoil and for subsoil it was 100 % (N), 100 % (P), 29 % (K), 100 % (Zn), 12 % (Cu), 60 % (Fe), 0 (Mn) and 100 % (B). Similarly, at Gujar Khan area deficiency of nutrient was 97 % (N), 95 % (P), 32 % (K), 97 % (Zn), 0 (Cu), 20 % (Fe), 0 (Mn), 85 % (B), for topsoil and for subsoil it was 100 % (N), 100 % (P), 48 % (K), 100 % (Zn), 0 (Cu), 22 % (Fe), 0 (Mn), 90 % (B). The variability for studied soil characteristics at Fatehjang having coefficient of variance (CV) from 2 to 117 % and at Gujar Khan area the CV was from 3 to 155 %. Among soil series at both sites for both soil depths no specific trend of soil characteristics was related to soil erosion level. Simple correlation of organic matter, pH and free lime content (CaCO 3 ) with soil nutrient was observed. The second study was conducted to evaluate the effect of integrated moisture conservation and fertilizer application on crop yield of wheat and maize. Field experiments were conducted on the selected soil series of Fatehjang viz. Missa and Rajar and Gujar Khan viz. Guliana and Rajar to study the effect of integrated rain water conservation and fertilizer application on crop yield. There were four treatments, which consisted of: control, no soil water conservation and farmer''s rate of fertilizer application (T 1 ), improved fertilizer application + no soil water conservation practices (T 2 ), soil water conservation practices, i.e., deep plowing, bund improvement, plowing across contour + farmer''s rate of fertilizers application (T 3 ) and soil water conservation + improved fertilizer application (T 4 ). Two year data of wheat and maize showed that integrated moisture conservation and fertilizer3 application treatment proved effective and gave the highest yield. Similarly, water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrient uptake were greater under this treatment. Economic analysis showed that farmers can get significant profit by adopting rainwater conservation practices along with the application of balanced fertilizer application according to soil and crop requirements. However, data on nutrient status after wheat-maize cropping system indicated that there was an increase in nutrients content (N, P, Zn and B) over that in the original soil, but despite of this little increase in nutrients, the soil still remained deficient in all the nutrients. The third study was conducted in a greenhouse to determine the impact of mulching and integrated nutrient management on water use and yield of sorghum. Sorghum is one of the most important crops of rainfed area. It is often a dual purpose crop with both the grain and stover considered as highly valued inputs. The greenhouse experiment revealed that mulch with integrated nutrient management (INM) is an effective measure to increase sorghum yield and WUE. Uptake of N and P was greater for the mulch treated plots than those without surface mulch, and uptake was highest for the N + P fertilizer, followed by the 1⁄2 N + P fertilizer + manure, and then from the 1⁄2 N + P fertilizer + compost treated soil. More amount of water was used by non-mulch treatments but yield produce was less than mulch treatments. Integrated nutrient management produced yield at par with N+P fertilizer treatment but the amount of water used was less, so higher WUE was recorded in mulch treatments with integrated nutrient management. It was concluded that the practice of moisture conservation along with supplying nutrients properly enhanced the crop as well as profitability in eroded soils of Pothwar plateau