جابر علی سید(۱۹۲۳ء۔۱۹۸۵ء) سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ۱۹۴۲ء میں ادیب فاضل کیا اور بنگلور چلے گئے۔ جہاں اپنے بھائی تراب علی کے ساتھ انگریزوں کو اردوپڑھاتے رہے۔ عالمی جنگ ختم ہونے کے بعد سیالکوٹ چلے آئے۔۱۹۴۷ء میں اورینٹل کالج سے فارسی میں ایم۔اے کیا۔ اس کالج میں آپ نے ڈاکٹر سید عبداﷲ اور صوفی تبسم جیسے اساتذہ سے کسبِ فیض کیا۔ ۱۹۵۳ء میں گورنمنٹ کالج جھنگ میں فارسی کے لیکچرار مقرر ہوئے۔(۸۲۵)
جابر علی سید ایک اچھے شاعر، ادیب، نقاد ،محقق ،ماہر لسانیات و عروض اور مشفق متواضع اُستاد تھے۔ جابر علی سید کی وفات کے بعد حمید اختر فائق نے ان کے شعری مجموعے کو ’’موجِ آہنگ ‘‘کے نام سے ۱۹۹۹ء میں مرتب کر کے شائع کیا۔
جابر علی سید کے دور کے شعرا صنفِ نظم میں شاعری کر رہے تھے۔ آزاد شاعری کے لیے نئے نئے تجربات کیے جارہے تھے۔ جابر نے بھی نظم میں خیالات و افکار کو ڈھالنا شروع کر دیا تھا۔ نظم کے ساتھ آپ نے غزل کو بھی اپنایا۔ آپ غزل کی فطری دلکشی ،اس کی اہمیت و افادیت سے پوری طرح واقف تھے۔اس لیے آپ نے غزل گوئی کو ذریعہ اظہار بنایا۔ ان کی پہلی غزل ادبی دنیا میں شائع ہوئی۔(۸۲۶)آپ نے اردو غزل میں ہیئت اور بحر کے نئے نئے تجربے کیے۔ اس لیے کہ آپ علم عروض سے دلچسپی رکھتے تھے۔ آپ نے اردو میں بعض بحروں کو روشناس کروایا۔ آپ نے اپنی غزلوں میں نئے الفاظ، نئے محاورے اور نئی ترکیبیں استعمال کیں۔ اُن کی غزلوں میں اُن کی شخصیت کی بہت سی داخلی کیفیات اور ان کے شعور و لا شعور میں اٹھنے والے ہنگاموں اور طوفانوں کا ذکرملتا ہے۔انھوں نے اپنی شاعری میں زبان کی صفائی ،شائستگی اور عمدگی پر پوری توجہ دی۔ جب وہ مروجہ لفظوں کے ساتھ ساتھ نئی تراکیب اور...
This study aims at Analysis of Sales Predictions from the Point of View of the Increase in Daily Newspaper Sales. The methods of this research is gather evidence through a variety of approaches, including library analysis and field research. This paper makes use of both qualitative and quantitative evidence. Primary data sources, namely data collected from respondents or direct interviews with business executives, specifically about marketing strategies, especially those relating to promotion. Secondary evidence. Promotional operations are carried out optimally, which is facilitated by sufficient costs, especially in potential areas. Apart from repeat buyers, the organization offers its goods in store, which enables the company to monitor its output figures accurately and seamlessly.
The transmission of monetary policy has recently received increased attention, especially with respect to the efficiency of banks’ credit channel. Yet, we know less about the relative role of Islamic banking in monetary policy transmission mechanism. This study therefore empirically examines the impact of monetary policy on the credit supply of Islamic versus conventional banks using an unbalanced panel dataset over the period 2005-2016 for Pakistan and Malaysia. To mitigate the problem of endogeneity, the robust two-step system-Generalize Method of Moments (GMM) estimator is applied. While estimating the effects of three alternative measures of monetary policy on banks’ credit supply, several bank-specific variables are included in the specification as control variables. By estimating the baseline models for each country, we provide strong evidence on the existence of credit cannel of monetary policy in Pakistan and Malaysia. The results from the extended model indicate that Islamic banks respond less to monetary policy as compared to their conventional counterparts.Further, the baseline models are extended on basis of size and liquidity to investigate the credit channel of monetary policy transmission mechanism. We have examined that the monetary policy indicators affected the small-sized banks more as compared to the large-sized banks in Pakistan and Malaysia. The same empirical evidence is found consistent in examining the interacted dummies of the small-sized Islamic banks versus the large-sized Islamic banks and the small-sized conventional banks versus the large-sized conventional banks. Furthermore, we have examined that the credit supply of the less-liquid banks is more respondent to monetary policy measure as compared to the more-liquid banks in Pakistan and Malaysia. The same empirical evidence is found consistent in examining the interacted dummies of the less-liquid Islamic banks versus the more-liquid Islamic banks and the less-liquid conventional banks versus the more-liquid conventional banks. At last, we have compared the effectiveness of credit channel between Pakistan and Malaysia. We analysed the coefficient values ofinteracted terms with monetary policy measure of all estimated models and found that credit channel through all types of banks is more respondent in Malaysian market as compared to that of Pakistan. x The relatively less response of Islamic banks to monetary policy may make it difficult for the central bank to achieve the desired objectives of the monetary policy. Our findings suggest that for an effective monetary policy, there is a vital need to consider the nature of Islamic banking while devising the monetary policy instruments to manage credit supply in the economy. Further, the results imply that the central banks; SBP and BNM need to revisit the monetary policy transmission through credit channel for Islamic banks, especially in economies with a dual (Islamic and conventional) banking system. Otherwise, there will appear monetary policy puzzles nullifying the objectives of policy. Similarly, the unique contractual and motivational features of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) provide a justification to devise a set of Islamic financial instruments to absorb and inject the money through open market operations and other instruments in same industry. We are afraid that lack of adequate monetary instruments will lead to high intermediation cost and persistent inflationary pressures. Similarly, this study has drawn the intention of future researchers to know about theoretical background of Islamic versus conventional baking models and contractual obligations in legal matrix. Overall, Pakistan needs to get benefit from successful experience of Malaysia, especially in developing Islamic financial market and improving institutions quality that will make it able to transmit the monetary policy through credit channel efficiently.