فتح دین گلکارؔ (۱۹۳۰ئ۔۱۸۶۵ئ) کا اصل نام فتح دین اور گلکار تخلص ہے۔ آپ پسرورمیں پیدا ہوئے۔ پسرور میں علمی و ادبی محفلوں میں شامل ہوتے رہے۔ عربی اردو اور فارسی پر عبور رکھتے تھے۔ اپنے دور کے پرگو شاعر تھے ان کا بہت سا کلام غیر مطبوعہ ہے جو مختلف شخصیات کے پاس بکھرا پڑا ہے۔ (۵۷)
ان کا بکھر ہوا کلام طبع کرنے کی ضرورت ہے۔ راقم الحروف ان کا غیر مطبوعہ کلام بازیافت نہیں کر سکاہے ۔ گلکار کا ۲۵۶ صفحات پر مشتمل ایک شعری مجموعہ ہے جو نایاب ہے۔ یہ مجموعہ غزلیات اور قصائد پر مشتمل ہے۔ میجر ہارٹ کی مدح میں ایک قصیدہ ہے جو ۱۸۸۹ء کا لکھا ہوا ہے۔ قصیدے کا مطلع اور مقطع ملاحظہ ہو:
جو کہ ماری مدح کا دم کیا تجھے امکان ہے
نارسا بیعقل کب تجھ سا کوئی نادان ہے
ٹائم آمد عیسوی گلکارؔ یوں ہاتف کیا
جیسے غیاثِ درد منداں حاتم دوران کیا (۵۸)
آپ کے غیر مطبوعہ اور مطبوعہ دیوان مناجات‘ حمدیہ قصائد اور غزلیات پر مشتمل ہیں۔ کچھ اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں:
بسم اﷲ خاص منبع ہے سرقدیم کا
مژدہ ہے اس میں الرحمن الرحیم کا
حامد ہے کون حمد خدائے کریم کا
عالم ہے کون حضرت علم علیم کا
گلکارؔ کچھ خطر نہیں روزِ حساب کا
تقویٰ ہے تجھ کو رحمت رب الرحیم کا (۵۹)
Temporary pools are relatively small water bodies with limited resources and are seasonally available. These freshwater bodies are rich source of microbial and planktonic lifeObjective: This survey was conducted to find out the presence of rotifers in temporary pools formed inJallo Park established in 1978 and explore their density and diversityMethods: Sample collection was done from ten pools with the help of a planktonic mesh. The counting was performed with a Sedgwick- Rafter chamber. Diversity indices like Shannon Weaver index etc. Were applied Results: In present study 27 rotifer species belonging to 14 genera were identified. The highest diversity and density was shown by Brachionus and Lecane. There was even distribution in each pool. Results of ANOVA showed statistically significant difference in population density and diversityConclusions: This study has presented a guideline to find out rotifer diversity which could be present in any water reservoir like temporary pool.
Articulated more in the context of religion than science, racism is regarded by social scientists as an ideology disguised in various forms under global circumstances. Understanding of racism share common characteristics with the contemporary concept of Islamophobia. Deconstructing selected literary works of Lorrain Adams, John Updike and Don Delillo within Fredrickson’s notion of racism ‘as scavenger ideology’, the present study unveils racism incorporated in Islamophobia in fiction. The purpose of this study is mainly to explore Islamophobia as a manifestation of racism in the selected American literary texts to understand American perspective of Islam and Muslims. Denouncement of lslam and Muslims appear important means to reproduce and rationalize racism as an expression of extended anti-Islam prejudice in modern fabrication in these texts. The study uses Derrida’s conviction in the eternal quality of literary texts outliving their authors to become part of a set of cultural habits equivalent to, if not surpassing, the importance of authorial intentions. The ideology remains living and shapes the general belief of the masses. Rather than tracing the origin of racism and Islamophobia, the study encompasses literature review related to the changing forms of racism during late 20th century to early 21st century and its contemporary evolution into Islamophobia. The study is significant in unravelling the concealed anti-Islam agenda practiced through language. Its genuine contribution to the existing knowledge is to establish relationship of racism and Islamophobia contextualized within 9/11 attacks previously unexamined in the body of selected literary fiction. The study concludes by necessitating interfaith community interaction that may help in decreasing religious conflicts. The study also proposes a thorough discursive understanding of Islam as a code of life because most of the Western and American assumptions generated from ignorance.